Town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Travnik
(
Cyrillic
:
Травник
) is a town and a municipality in
Bosnia and Herzegovina
. It is the administrative center of the
Central Bosnia Canton
of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of
Sarajevo
. As of 2013,
[update]
the town had a population of 15,344 inhabitants, while the municipality had 53,482 inhabitants.
Historically, it was the capital city of the governors of
Bosnia
from 1699 to 1850, and has a cultural heritage dating from that period.
[1]
Geography
[
edit
]
Travnik is located near the geographic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina at
44°14′N
17°40′E
/
44.233°N 17.667°E
/
44.233; 17.667
. The river
La?va
passes through the town, flowing from west to east before joining the
Bosna
. Travnik itself is built in the large
La?va valley
, which connects the Bosna river valley in the east with the
Vrbas river
valley in the west.
Travnik is found 514 metres (1,686 feet)
above sea level
. Its most distinguishing geographic feature are its mountains, Vilenica and
Vla?i?
. Vla?i?, named after the
Vlachs
[
citation needed
]
, is one of the tallest mountains in the country at 1,933 metres (6,342 feet).
A large
karst spring
, the
Plava Voda
wellspring, rises under Vla?i? mountain, just below
Travnik Castle
, in the very center of the Old Town of Travnik.
Climate
[
edit
]
Travnik has a
continental climate
, located between the Adriatic sea to the South and Pannonia to the North. Average July temperature is 19.0 °C (66.2 °F). Average January temperature on the other hand is ?1.0 °C (30.2 °F). It snows in Travnik every year.
Climate data for Travnik
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?1.0
(30.2)
|
0.6
(33.1)
|
3.9
(39.0)
|
8.6
(47.5)
|
13.3
(55.9)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
19.0
(66.2)
|
18.9
(66.0)
|
14.3
(57.7)
|
9.6
(49.3)
|
4.8
(40.6)
|
?0.2
(31.6)
|
9.1
(48.3)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
63.9
(2.52)
|
68.9
(2.71)
|
59.3
(2.33)
|
76.8
(3.02)
|
94.9
(3.74)
|
91.2
(3.59)
|
87.5
(3.44)
|
69.6
(2.74)
|
106.8
(4.20)
|
94.4
(3.72)
|
111.4
(4.39)
|
106.2
(4.18)
|
1,030.9
(40.58)
|
Average rainy days
|
6
|
7
|
11
|
16
|
15
|
13
|
10
|
11
|
10
|
12
|
10
|
8
|
129
|
Average snowy days
|
10
|
9
|
7
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
4
|
9
|
43
|
Average
dew point
°C (°F)
|
?4
(25)
|
?2
(28)
|
0
(32)
|
2
(36)
|
7
(45)
|
11
(52)
|
12
(54)
|
11
(52)
|
10
(50)
|
6
(43)
|
0
(32)
|
?2
(28)
|
4
(40)
|
Source 1: Climate Charts(temperatures-precipitation 1993-2022)
[2]
|
Source 2: unipage.net(Rain and snow days-dew point)
[3]
|
History
[
edit
]
Although there is evidence of some settlement in the region dating back to the
Bronze Age
, the true history of Travnik begins during the first few centuries AD. Dating from this time there are numerous indications of
Roman
settlement in the region, including graves, forts, the remains of various other structures, early Christian basilicas, etc. In the town itself, Roman coins and plaques have been found. Some writing found indicates the settlement is closely connected to the known Roman colony in modern-day
Zenica
, 30 km (19 mi) away.
In the Middle Ages the Travnik area was known as the
?upa La?va, a
province of the medieval
Bosnian Kingdom
. The area is first mentioned by
Bela IV of Hungary
in 1244. Travnik itself was one of a number of fortified towns in the region, with its fortress
Ka?tel
becoming today's old town sector. The town itself is first mentioned by the
Ottomans
during their conquest of nearby
Jajce
.
After the
Ottoman conquest of Bosnia
in the 15th century, much of the local population converted to
Islam
as part of the
Islamization
policy by the
Ottoman Empire
. The town quickly grew into one of the more important settlements in the region, as the authorities constructed mosques, marketplaces, and various infrastructures. During 1699 when
Sarajevo
was set afire by the soldiers of Field-Marshal
Prince Eugene of Savoy
, Travnik became the capital of the
Ottoman province of Bosnia
and residence of the Bosnian
viziers
. The town became an important center of government in the entire western frontier of the empire, and
consulates
were established by the governments of
France
and
Austria-Hungary
.
The period of Austrian occupation brought westernization and industry to Travnik, but also a reduction of importance. While cities such as
Banja Luka
,
Sarajevo
,
Tuzla
, and
Zenica
grew rapidly, Travnik changed so little that during 1991 it had a mere 30,000 or so people, with 70,000 in the entire municipality.
A large fire started by a spark from a
locomotive
in September 1903 destroyed most of the town's buildings and homes, leaving only some hamlets and the fortress untouched.
[4]
The cleanup and rebuilding took several years.
[5]
From 1922 to 1929, Travnik was the capital of the
Travnik Oblast
. From 1929 to 1941, Travnik was part of the
Drina Banovina
of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During the
Bosnian War
, the town mostly escaped damage from conflict with
Serbian forces
, hosting refugees from nearby
Jajce
, but the area experienced fighting between local Bosniak and Croat factions before the
Washington Agreement
was signed in 1994. After the war, Travnik was made the capital of the
Central Bosnia Canton
.
Administration
[
edit
]
Travnik is the administrative centre of the Municipality of Travnik, whose area of jurisdiction covers the town of Travnik itself and 89 other rural settlements.
[6]
Travnik is also the capital of the
Central Bosnia Canton
, one of the ten
Cantons of Bosnia
. The municipal government has various agencies dedicated to the operations of the region, ranging from the bureau of urbanization and construction, to the bureau of refugees and displaced persons.
Economy
[
edit
]
The economy of the Travnik region suffered greatly during the war period of the early 1990s. In 1981 Travnik's GDP per capita was 63% of the
Yugoslav
average.
[11]
Nowadays, most of the region deals with typical rural work such as farming and herding. As for the urban industry, Travnik has several factories producing everything from
matches
to furniture. Food processing is also a strong industry in the region, especially meat and milk companies.
Tourism
[
edit
]
Like many Bosnian towns, Travnik's tourism is based largely on its history and geography. Nearby
Mount Vla?i?
is one of the tallest peaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and an excellent spot for skiing, hiking and sledding. Whilst tourism is not very strong for the town, Mount Vla?i? is probably its chief
tourist attraction
. Numerous structures dating to the Ottoman era have survived in near perfect condition, such as numerous mosques, oriental homes, two clock towers (
sahat kula
; Travnik is the only town in Bosnia and Herzegovina to have two clock towers) and fountains. The old town dates back to the early 15th century, making it one of the most popular and widely accessible sites from that time.
Demographics
[
edit
]
Population
[
edit
]
Population of settlements ? Travnik municipality
|
|
Settlement
|
1971
|
1981
|
1991
|
2013
|
|
Total
|
55,822
|
64,100
|
70,747
|
53,482
|
1
|
Ba?vice
|
|
|
747
|
574
|
2
|
Bijelo Bu?je
|
|
|
924
|
707
|
3
|
Bili?i
|
|
|
335
|
287
|
4
|
Braji?i
|
|
|
625
|
628
|
5
|
Brajkovi?i
|
|
|
521
|
394
|
6
|
Brankovac
|
|
|
298
|
255
|
7
|
?osi?i
|
|
|
683
|
433
|
8
|
?ukle
|
|
|
1,348
|
524
|
9
|
đelilovac
|
|
|
1,229
|
777
|
10
|
Dolac
|
|
|
700
|
480
|
11
|
Dolac na La?vi
|
|
|
504
|
456
|
12
|
Donje Kr?evine
|
|
|
497
|
317
|
13
|
Dub
|
|
|
962
|
988
|
14
|
Gladnik
|
|
|
330
|
332
|
15
|
Gluha Bukovica
|
|
|
1,041
|
878
|
16
|
Gole?
|
|
|
1,081
|
425
|
17
|
Gornje Kr?evine
|
|
|
759
|
576
|
18
|
Gradina
|
|
|
609
|
383
|
19
|
Grahov?i?i
|
|
|
1,215
|
403
|
20
|
Grahovik
|
|
|
342
|
277
|
21
|
Gu?a Gora
|
|
|
847
|
511
|
22
|
Hamand?i?i
|
|
|
501
|
256
|
23
|
Han Bila
|
|
|
682
|
655
|
24
|
Jezerci
|
|
|
643
|
338
|
25
|
Kljaci
|
|
|
739
|
634
|
26
|
Krpelji?i
|
|
|
722
|
629
|
27
|
Kula
|
|
|
450
|
528
|
28
|
Maline
|
|
|
1,483
|
1,095
|
29
|
Mosor
|
|
|
319
|
265
|
30
|
Mudrike
|
|
|
748
|
550
|
31
|
Nova Bila
|
|
|
770
|
692
|
32
|
Orahovo
|
|
|
399
|
328
|
33
|
Ov?arevo
|
|
|
564
|
496
|
34
|
Paklarevo
|
|
|
1,258
|
975
|
35
|
Podkraj
|
|
|
462
|
507
|
36
|
Podovi
|
|
|
1,039
|
1,076
|
37
|
Podstinje
|
|
|
722
|
538
|
38
|
Pokraj?i?i
|
|
|
1,378
|
1,540
|
39
|
Poljanice
|
|
|
296
|
250
|
40
|
Polje Slavka Gavran?i?a
|
|
|
415
|
344
|
41
|
Pulac
|
|
|
498
|
417
|
42
|
Puti?evo
|
|
|
1,523
|
1,193
|
43
|
Radi?a Brdo
|
|
|
315
|
230
|
44
|
Radoj?i?i
|
|
|
293
|
312
|
45
|
Ri?ice
|
|
|
653
|
584
|
46
|
Seferi
|
|
|
527
|
417
|
47
|
Seli?i
|
|
|
448
|
302
|
48
|
?ipovik
|
|
|
352
|
202
|
49
|
Slimena
|
|
|
934
|
1,231
|
50
|
Suhi Dol
|
|
|
576
|
482
|
51
|
Travnik
|
12,977
|
15,888
|
19,041
|
16,534
|
52
|
Turbe
|
|
|
4,549
|
3,890
|
53
|
Turi?i
|
|
|
795
|
650
|
54
|
Varo?luk
|
|
|
736
|
693
|
55
|
Vi?njevo
|
|
|
967
|
958
|
56
|
Vitovlje
|
|
|
708
|
576
|
57
|
Vlahovi?i
|
|
|
344
|
309
|
58
|
Zagrađe
|
|
|
631
|
447
|
Ethnic composition
[
edit
]
Ethnic composition ? Travnik town
|
|
2013
|
1991
|
1981
|
1971
|
Total
|
15,344 (100,0%)
|
19,041 (100,0%)
|
15,888 (100,0%)
|
12,977 (100,0%)
|
Bosniaks
|
10,899 (71,03%)
|
7,373 (38,72%)
|
5,822 (36,64%)
|
5,730 (44,16%)
|
Croats
|
2,847 (18,55%)
|
6,043 (31,74%)
|
5,026 (31,63%)
|
4,538 (34,97%)
|
Others
|
1,276 (8,316%)
|
694 (3,645%)
|
89 (0,560%)
|
122 (0,940%)
|
Serbs
|
322 (2,09%)
|
2,131 (11,19%)
|
1,901 (11,97%)
|
1,894 (14,60%)
|
Yugoslavs
|
|
2,800 (14,71%)
|
2 867 (18,05%)
|
486 (3,745%)
|
Montenegrins
|
|
|
89 (0,560%)
|
102 (0,786%)
|
Albanians
|
|
|
48 (0,302%)
|
30 (0,231%)
|
Slovenes
|
|
|
30 (0,189%)
|
44 (0,339%)
|
Macedonians
|
|
|
9 (0,057%)
|
21 (0,162%)
|
Hungarians
|
|
|
7 (0,044%)
|
10 (0,077%)
|
Ethnic composition ? Travnik municipality
|
|
2013
|
1991
|
1981
|
1971
|
Total
|
53,482 (100,0%)
|
70,747 (100,0%)
|
64,100 (100,0%)
|
55,822 (100,0%)
|
Bosniaks
|
35,648 (66,65%)
|
31,813 (44,97%)
|
27,691 (43,20%)
|
24,480 (43,85%)
|
Croats
|
15,102 (28,24%)
|
26,118 (36,92%)
|
24,411 (38,08%)
|
22,645 (40,57%)
|
Others
|
2,092 (3,912%)
|
1,296 (1,832%)
|
325 (0,507%)
|
246 (0,441%)
|
Serbs
|
640 (1,197%)
|
7,777 (10,99%)
|
7,487 (11,68%)
|
7,554 (13,53%)
|
Yugoslavs
|
|
3,743 (5,291%)
|
3,920 (6,115%)
|
626 (1,121%)
|
Montenegrins
|
|
|
126 (0,197%)
|
133 (0,238%)
|
Albanians
|
|
|
63 (0,098%)
|
36 (0,064%)
|
Slovenes
|
|
|
32 (0,050%)
|
49 (0,088%)
|
Macedonians
|
|
|
22 (0,034%)
|
25 (0,045%)
|
Roma
|
|
|
16 (0,025%)
|
18 (0,032%)
|
Hungarians
|
|
|
7 (0,011%)
|
10 (0,018%)
|
Culture
[
edit
]
Travnik has a strong culture, mostly dating back to its time as the center of the local government in the Ottoman Empire. Travnik has a popular old town district, which dates back to the period of Bosnian independence during the first half of the 15th century. Numerous mosques and churches exist in the region, as do tombs of important historical figures and excellent examples of Ottoman architecture. The town museum, built in 1950, is one of the most impressive cultural institutions in the region.
One of the main works of
Ivo Andri?
, a native of Travnik, is the
Bosnian Chronicle
(or the
Travnik Chronicle
),
[12]
depicting life in Travnik during the
Napoleonic Wars
and written during
World War II
.
The
Bosnian Tornjak
, one of Bosnia's two major dog breeds and a national symbol, originated in the area, and can be found around the
Vla?i?
mountain.
Sports
[
edit
]
The local
football
team is
NK Travnik
, founded in 1922.
Transport
[
edit
]
Rail
[
edit
]
Travnik, like the
Central Bosnia Canton
, currently has no rail links. In the past, the city was served by a narrow-gauge railway which has since been abandoned.
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Ivo Andri?
, writer and the 1961 winner of the
Nobel Prize in Literature
- Miroslav ?iro Bla?evi?
, professional football manager and player
- Muharem Bazdulj
, Bosnian novelist and journalist.
- Nura Bazdulj-Hubijar
, Bosnian poet and novelist.
- Brothers
Josip
and Zlatko Pejakovi?, artists, actors, and musicians
- Davor D?alto
, artist, art historian, theologian, and philosopher
- Nik?a Brato?
, composer and arranger of contemporary music
- Oliver Frlji?, theatre director
- Vjekoslav Kramer
, chef
- Sena Jurinac
, operatic soprano
- Solomon Gaon
,
Sephardic
Rabbi
and
Hakham
- Mirosław Feri?
, fighter pilot
- Nikola Mandi?
, politician
- Zlata Bartl
, scientist and is the creator of
Vegeta
- Frano Zubi?
, Bosnian Franciscan
- Larisa Ceri?
, judoka and European Championship silver medalist
- Mladen Solomun
, DJ and music producer
- Vildana Selimbegovi?
, journalist and editor of
Oslobođenje
Twin towns ? sister cities
[
edit
]
Travnik is
twinned
with:
[13]
[14]
Gallery
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"OVGuide | Online Video Guide"
. Archived from
the original
on 4 March 2016
. Retrieved
24 January
2013
.
- ^
Zepner, Laura; Karrasch, Pierre; Wiemann, Felix; Bernard, Lars (2020),
"Travnik, Federation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina"
,
ClimateCharts.net ? an interactive climate analysis web platform
, International Journal of Digital Earth,
doi
:
10.1080/17538947.2020.1829112
, retrieved
14 March
2024
,
Data Source: CRU Time Series v4.07
- ^
"Weather, climate, temperature by months in Travnik"
. Unipage
. Retrieved
14 March
2024
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (
link
)
- ^
Clancy, Tim (2013).
Bosnia and Herzegovina; page 243
.
ISBN
9781841624495
. Retrieved
20 October
2014
.
- ^
Henderson, Percy Edward (1909).
A British Officer in the Balkans; page 196
. Retrieved
20 October
2014
.
- ^
"B&H, 2013 census"
. Retrieved
15 September
2020
.
- ^
"LOKALNI IZBORI 2012 | PRELIMINARNI, NEZVANI?NI I NEKOMPLETNI / NEPOTPUNI REZULTATI"
.
www.izbori.ba
.
- ^
"Op?inski izbori 2000: izvor glasova. Izbori za op?insko vije?e: Op?ina Travnik"
(PDF)
.
izbori.ba
. Sredi?nje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine
. Retrieved
22 March
2014
.
- ^
"Izbori 2004. godine: glasovi za kandidate. Izbori za op?insko vije?e: Op?ina Travnik"
(PDF)
.
izbori.ba
. Sredi?nje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine
. Retrieved
22 March
2014
.
- ^
"Potvrđeni izborni rezultati: lokalni izbori 2008. Izbori za op?insko vije?e: Op?ina Travnik"
.
izbori.ba
. Sredi?nje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Archived from
the original
on 6 November 2013
. Retrieved
22 March
2014
.
- ^
Radovinovi?, Radovan; Berti?, Ivan, eds. (1984).
Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju
(in Croatian) (3rd ed.). Zagreb: Sveu?ili?na naklada Liber.
- ^
"Bosnian Chronicle"
. Ivoandric.org.rs. Archived from
the original
on 23 December 2010
. Retrieved
15 June
2011
.
- ^
"Bratimljeni gradovi"
.
opcinatravnik.com.ba
(in Bosnian). Travnik
. Retrieved
29 December
2020
.
- ^
"Zakazana 39.redovna sjednica Op?inskog vije?a"
.
opcinatravnik.com.ba
(in Bosnian). Travnik. 9 May 2019
. Retrieved
29 December
2020
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Travnik
.
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