1983 music video
Michael Jackson's Thriller
|
---|
Title card
|
Directed by
| John Landis
|
---|
Written by
| |
---|
Produced by
| |
---|
Starring
| |
---|
Narrated by
| Vincent Price
|
---|
Cinematography
| Robert Paynter
|
---|
Edited by
|
- Malcolm Campbell
- George Folsey Jr.
|
---|
Music by
| |
---|
Production
companies
|
- MJJ Productions
- Optimum Productions
|
---|
Distributed by
| |
---|
Release date
|
- December 2, 1983
(
1983-12-02
)
|
---|
Running time
| 14 minutes
[1]
|
---|
Country
| United States
|
---|
Language
| English
|
---|
Budget
| $500,000
[2]
|
---|
Michael Jackson's Thriller
is the
music video
for the song "
Thriller
" by the American singer
Michael Jackson
, released on December 2, 1983. It was directed by
John Landis
, written by Jackson and Landis, and stars Jackson and
Ola Ray
. It references numerous
horror films
and has Jackson dancing with a horde of
zombies
.
Jackson's sixth album,
Thriller
, was released in November 1982 and spent months at the top of the
Billboard
200
, backed by successful videos for the singles "
Billie Jean
" and "
Beat It
". In July 1983, after
Thriller
was displaced from the top of the chart, Jackson's manager,
Frank DiLeo
, suggested making a music video for "Thriller". Jackson hired Landis after seeing his 1981 film
An American Werewolf in London
. The pair conceived a short film with a budget much larger than previous music videos. It was filmed at various locations in Los Angeles, including the
Palace Theater
. A making-of documentary,
Making Michael Jackson's Thriller,
was produced to sell to television networks.
Michael Jackson's Thriller
was launched to great anticipation and played regularly on
MTV
. It doubled sales of
Thriller
, helping it become the
best-selling album in history
, and the documentary sold over a million copies, becoming the best-selling videotape at the time. It is credited for transforming music videos into a serious art form, breaking down racial barriers in popular entertainment and popularizing the making-of documentary format. The success transformed Jackson into a dominant force in global
pop culture
.
Many elements of
Michael Jackson's Thriller
have had a lasting impact on popular culture, such as the zombie dance and Jackson's
red jacket
, designed by Landis' wife
Deborah Nadoolman
. Fans worldwide re-enact its zombie dance and it remains popular on
YouTube
. The
Library of Congress
described it as the most famous music video of all time, and it has been named the greatest video by various publications and readers' polls. In 2009, it became the first music video inducted into the United States
National Film Registry
by the
Library of Congress
as "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".
Plot
[
edit
]
In the 1950s,
Michael Jackson
and a young woman (
Ola Ray
) run out of gas while driving in a wooded area. They walk into the forest and the woman accepts Jackson's invitation to be his girlfriend. He warns her that he is "not like other guys", transforms into a
werecat
and attacks her.
In the present, Jackson and his girlfriend are watching the werecat film in a theater. The girlfriend leaves, scared by the film. Walking down a city street at night, Jackson teases her by performing the verses of "
Thriller
". They pass a graveyard, where
zombies
rise from their graves and surround them in the street. Jackson becomes a zombie himself and dances with the horde to the song. He changes back into a human to sing the choruses.
Jackson and the zombies chase his girlfriend into an abandoned house. She screams and wakes up, realizing it was a nightmare. Jackson embraces her and takes her home, but turns to the camera and grins, revealing his werecat eyes.
Horror elements
[
edit
]
The
Thriller
video makes many allusions to
horror films
.
[3]
The opening scene parodies 1950s
B-movies
, with Jackson and Ray dressed as 1950s teenagers. The metamorphosis of the polite "
boy next door
" into a werecat has been interpreted as a depiction of male sexuality as bestial, predatory and aggressive. The critic
Kobena Mercer
found similarities to the werewolf in
The Company of Wolves
(1984).
[3]
The zombie dance sequence corresponds the lyric about a
masquerade ball
of the dead.
[4]
Jackson's make-up casts "a ghostly pallor" over his skin and emphasizes the outline of his skull, an allusion to the mask from
The Phantom of the Opera
(1925).
[4]
According to
Peter Dendle
, the zombie invasion sequence was inspired by
Night of the Living Dead
(1968). Dendle wrote that the video captures the feelings of
claustrophobia
and helplessness essential to
zombie films
.
[5]
Development
[
edit
]
Jackson's album
Thriller
was released in November 1982 on
Epic Records
and spent months at the top of the
Billboard
200
.
[6]
It was backed by successful music videos for the singles "
Billie Jean
" and "
Beat It
", which are credited for raising creative standards for music videos and demonstrating their promotional power.
[6]
In June 1983,
Thriller
was displaced from the top of the
Billboard
200 chart by the
Flashdance
soundtrack
. It briefly regained the position in July, before being displaced by
Synchronicity
by the
Police
. Jackson urged the Epic executives
Walter Yetnikoff
and Larry Stessel to help conceive a plan to return the album to the top of the charts.
[6]
The horror-themed "
Thriller
" had not been planned for release as a single. Epic saw it as a
novelty song
;
[7]
Yetnikoff asked, "Who wants a single about monsters?"
[6]
Jackson's manager,
Frank DiLeo
, suggested making a music video, and recalled telling Jackson: "It's simple?all you've got to do is dance, sing, and make it scary."
[6]
According to
Vanity Fair
, Jackson preferred "benign Disney-esque fantasies where people were nice and children were safe", which ensured the video would be "creepy-comical, not genuinely terrifying".
[6]
In early August, after seeing his horror film
An American Werewolf in London
(1981), Jackson contacted the director
John Landis
.
[8]
At the time, commercial directors did not direct music videos, but Landis was intrigued.
[8]
He wanted to make a theatrical short rather than a standard music video, and hoped to use Jackson's celebrity to return theatrical shorts to popularity.
[9]
Landis and Jackson conceived a short film shot on
35mm film
with the production values of a feature film, with a budget of $900,000, much larger than any previous music video.
[6]
Funding
[
edit
]
According to Landis, when he called Yetnikoff to propose the film, he swore so loudly he had to remove the phone from his ear.
[6]
Epic had little interest in making another video for
Thriller
, believing that the album had peaked,
[8]
and eventually agreed to contribute only $100,000.
[6]
Initially, the television networks refused to finance the project, sharing the view that
Thriller
was "last year's news".
[8]
MTV
, which had found success with Jackson's earlier videos, had a policy of not financing music videos, instead expecting record companies to pay for them. However, after the new channel
Showtime
agreed to pay half the budget, MTV agreed to pay the rest, justifying the expenditure as financing for a motion picture and not a music video.
[8]
To help finance the production, Landis's producer
George Folsey Jr.
suggested a making-of documentary that, combined with the "Thriller" video, would produce an hour-long film that could be sold to television.
[10]
The documentary,
Making Michael Jackson's Thriller,
was directed by Jerry Kramer.
[8]
It includes home video footage of a young Jackson dancing and footage of his performances from
The Ed Sullivan Show
and
Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
.
[8]
MTV paid $250,000 for the exclusive rights to show the documentary; Showtime paid $300,000 for pay-cable rights.
[6]
Jackson covered additional costs, for which he would be reimbursed.
[6]
Vestron Music Video
offered to distribute
Making Michael Jackson's Thriller
on
VHS
and
Betamax
; this was a pioneering concept, as most video cassettes at the time were sold to rental stores rather than directly to viewers. Vestron paid an additional $500,000 to market the cassettes.
[11]
Production
[
edit
]
Makeup and wardrobe
[
edit
]
Jackson wanted to make a video in which he transformed into a four-legged beast, similarly to the transformation scene in
An American Werewolf in London
. This idea was replaced with a two-legged monster, as this made it easier for him to dance.
[8]
Landis felt Jackson should become scary and creepy, but not ugly. He suggested that Jackson should become a
werewolf
in a 1950s setting, inspired by the 1957 film
I Was a Teenage Werewolf
.
[8]
The makeup artist
Rick Baker
decided to turn Jackson into a werecat "because I just didn't want to do another werewolf".
[12]
He initially imagined the werecat would resemble a
black panther
, but added a longer mane and larger ears.
[12]
According to Landis, the production involved the largest makeup team in film history up to that point, with 40 makeup artists.
[9]
Landis's wife,
Deborah Nadoolman
, who had recently worked on the film
Raiders of the Lost Ark
(1981), designed the costumes, including
Jackson's red jacket
.
[6]
She dressed Jackson in "hip", casual clothes that would be comfortable to dance in. She used red to contrast with the night setting and dark palette, and used the same color for Jackson's jeans to make him appear taller.
[6]
Casting
[
edit
]
Thriller
was the first time Jackson had interacted with a woman in a video, which Landis described as a "breakthrough".
Jennifer Beals
turned down an offer to play Jackson's girlfriend.
[6]
According to Landis,
Ola Ray
, a former
Playboy Playmate
, was cast as she was "crazy for Michael" and had a "great smile".
[6]
Landis encouraged Jackson and Ray to improvise during their scenes,
[8]
and urged Jackson to act "sexy" and "show virility" for his female fans.
[6]
According to Ray, the chemistry between them was real and they shared "intimate moments" during the shoot.
[6]
Landis said directing Jackson was "like dealing with a gifted 10-year-old". He described Jackson as "emotionally damaged ... He was tortured, but he was happy-go-lucky for a lot of it. He worked very hard. He really was childlike."
[9]
Filming
[
edit
]
Thriller
was filmed at the
Palace Theatre
in
downtown Los Angeles
, the zombie sequence at the junction of Union Pacific Avenue and South Calzona Street in
East Los Angeles
, and the final house scene at 1345
Carroll Avenue
in the
Angeleno Heights
neighborhood of
Echo Park
.
[13]
The director of photography was
Robert Paynter
, who had worked with Landis on
Trading Places
.
[6]
The zombie dance was
choreographed
by
Michael Peters
, who had choreographed the "Beat It" video.
[6]
Entertainment figures including
Marlon Brando
,
Fred Astaire
,
Rock Hudson
and
Jackie Kennedy Onassis
visited the set.
[10]
Jackson's parents
Joseph
and
Katherine Jackson
also visited. According to Landis, Michael asked Joseph to be removed; he refused and had to be escorted off the set by police. Joseph denied this.
[6]
Jehovah's Witnesses dispute
[
edit
]
Weeks before the premiere, Jackson, then a
Jehovah's Witness
, was told by organization leaders that the music video promoted
demonology
and that he would be
excommunicated
. Jackson called his assistant,
John Branca
, and ordered him to destroy the
negatives
.
[6]
The production team agreed to protect the negatives instead and locked them in Branca's office.
[6]
Branca mollified Jackson by suggesting they include a disclaimer at the start of the video stating that it did not reflect Jackson's personal convictions.
[6]
In a statement published in
Awake!
, a magazine published by the
Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
, Jackson said: "I just intended to do a good, fun short film, not to purposely bring to the screen something to scare people or to do anything bad. I want to do what's right. I would never do anything like that again." He said he had blocked further distribution and promotion of the film where he had been able.
[14]
Release
[
edit
]
On November 14, 1983,
Thriller
was shown to a private audience at the
Crest Theater
in Los Angeles. In attendance were celebrities including
Diana Ross
,
Warren Beatty
,
Prince
, and
Eddie Murphy
. Jackson stayed in the projection booth, declining Ray's invitation to join the audience. The audience gave the film a standing ovation. At Murphy's insistence, the film was played again.
[6]
The video debuted on MTV alongside
Making Michael Jackson's Thriller
on December 2, 1983.
[10]
[15]
After each broadcast, MTV advertised when they would next play it, and recorded audience figures ten times the norm.
[6]
Showtime
aired the video six times in February.
[6]
Within months, the documentary sold a million copies, making it the bestselling video release at that point, and has since sold 10 million copies
[16]
[6]
As films required theatrical screenings to be eligible for
Academy Awards
, Landis had the video played before screenings of
Fantasia
(1940) at a Los Angeles cinema, though it was not nominated.
[10]
The video doubled sales of the
Thriller
album,
[6]
which sold a million copies a week following the video debut
[10]
and became the bestselling album of all time.
[6]
At the
1984 MTV Video Music Awards
,
Thriller
won the awards for
Viewers Choice
,
Best Overall Performance
and
Best Choreography
, and was nominated for
Best Concept Video
,
Best Male Video
and
Video of the Year
.
[17]
The success transformed Jackson into a dominant force in global pop culture, and cemented his status as the "king of pop".
[6]
According to Landis, the response was "a surprise to everyone but Michael".
[8]
In 1984, the National Coalition on Television Violence (NCTV) reviewed 200 MTV videos and classified more than half as too violent, including
Thriller
. NCTV chairman
Thomas Radecki
said: "It's not hard to imagine young viewers after seeing
Thriller
saying, 'Gee, if Michael Jackson can terrorize his girlfriend, why can't I do it too?'"
[18]
Legacy
[
edit
]
The
Thriller
video sealed MTV's position as a major cultural force, helped disassemble racial barriers for black artists, revolutionized music video production, popularized making-of documentaries, and drove rentals and sales of VHS tapes. The music video director
Brian Grant
credited
Thriller
as the turning point when music videos became a "proper industry".
[10]
Nina Blackwood, a former MTV executive, said music videos improved after
Thriller
, with more storylines and more intricate choreography. She said: "You look at those early videos and they were shockingly bad."
[19]
Vinny Marino of
ABC News
said that the video's selection as the "Greatest Video of All Time" was a "no-brainer", and that it "continues to be considered the greatest video ever by just about everyone".
[20]
Gil Kaufman of MTV described the video as "iconic" and felt that it was one of Jackson's most enduring legacies.
[21]
He said it was the "mini-movie that revolutionized music videos" and "cemented Jackson's status as one of the most ambitious, innovative pop stars of all time".
[21]
Michael Jackson's Thriller
was named the "greatest video" by MTV in 1999,
[22]
and by VH1
[20]
and
Time
in 2001.
[23]
In a poll of over one thousand users conducted by
Myspace
in 2010, it was voted the most influential music video.
[24]
In 2009, it became the first music video to be selected for the
National Film Registry
by the
Library of Congress
.
[25]
The Library described it as "the most famous music video of all time".
[26]
The
National Film Preservation Board
coordinator, Steve Legett, said the video had been considered for induction for years, but was chosen mainly due to
Jackson's death
that year.
[27]
Jackson's
red leather jacket
became a fashion icon and has been widely emulated. In 2011, one of the two jackets worn by Jackson in the video sold at auction for $1.8 million.
[28]
"Thriller" has become closely associated with
Halloween
;
[29]
[12]
in 2016, US president
Barack Obama
and first lady
Michelle Obama
danced to the song with schoolchildren at a White House Halloween event.
[30]
In 2017, the video made its debut in a newly restored 3D version at the 74th annual
Venice Film Festival
, accompanied by the
Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller
documentary, also newly remastered.
[31]
It was also screened at the
Toronto International Film Festival
,
[32]
followed by a US premiere at the
Grauman's Chinese Theatre
.
[33]
It was remastered in
IMAX
3D for a limited engagement in 2018, preceding screenings of
The House With a Clock in Its Walls
in North America for its first week.
[34]
A Hollywood production company attempted to turn Jackson's song "
Billie Jean
", which is also featured on Jackson's
Thriller
album, into a feature film, but no plans were completed.
[18]
In 2009, Jackson sold the
Thriller
rights to the
Nederlander Organization
to stage a
Broadway musical
based on the video.
[35]
The video game
Plants vs. Zombies
by
PopCap Games
contained a reference to the
Thriller
music video in its original releases from May 2009 (a month before Jackson's death) until it was removed in July 2010. The "Dancing Zombie" enemy was originally resembled Jackson dressed in his
Thriller
outfit and the "Backup Dancer Zombies" that surrounded the Dancing Zombie resembled the backup dancers from the part of
Thriller
where Jackson turns onto a zombie.
[36]
[37]
The description of the Dancing Zombie in the game paraphrased the disclaimer at the end of
Thriller
.
[37]
In 2010, Jackson's estate objected to the Jackson zombie in the game. PopCap agreed to remove the
Thriller
zombies and replace them with generic
disco
-dancing zombies. The changes applied starting with the Game of the Year edition and all future releases since.
[38]
[37]
The
Thriller
dance is performed in major cities around the world; the largest zombie dance included 12,937 dancers, in Mexico City.
[6]
Thriller
is popular on
YouTube
, which hosts user-submitted videos of reenactments of the dance. A
YouTube video of more than 1,500 prisoners performing the dance
attracted 14 million views by 2010.
[6]
Litigation
[
edit
]
In 2009, Landis sued Jackson in a dispute over
royalties
for the video, saying Jackson had failed to pay him 50% of the proceeds.
[39]
The lawsuit was settled in 2012 for an undisclosed amount. In 2013, Landis said: "My deal was with Michael's company and Michael's company was mismanaged ... I was suing him for 14 years."
[9]
Ola Ray also complained of problems collecting royalties. At first, she blamed Jackson, but apologized to him in 1997. However, Ray sued Jackson on May 6, 2009, less than two months before
his death
on June 25. In 2013, she settled with the
Jackson estate
for $75,000.
[40]
Accolades
[
edit
]
Grammy Award
[
edit
]
MTV Video Music Award
[
edit
]
Year
|
Category
|
Result
|
1984
|
Best Overall Performance in a Video
|
Won
|
Best Choreography (
Michael Peters
)
|
Won
|
Viewer's Choice
|
Won
|
1999
|
100 Greatest Music Videos of all Time
[41]
|
Won
|
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"
Michael Jackson's Thriller
(PG)"
.
British Board of Film Classification
. December 9, 1983
. Retrieved
October 9,
2016
.
- ^
"Director: Funds for "Thriller" almost didn't appear"
.
Today.com
. April 25, 2008
. Retrieved
August 19,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
Mercer (2005), p. 85-89
- ^
a
b
Mercer (1991), p. 316-317
- ^
Dendle (2001), p. 171
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
af
Griffin, Nancy (January 24, 2010).
"The 'Thriller' Diaries"
.
Vanity Fair
. Retrieved
October 9,
2019
.
- ^
Romano, Aja (October 31, 2018).
"Michael Jackson's "Thriller" is the eternal Halloween bop ? and so much more"
.
Vox
. Retrieved
October 25,
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
Landis, John
(August 31, 2017).
"John Landis on the making of
Michael Jackson's Thriller
: 'I was adamant he couldn't look too hideous'
"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
October 27,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Howell, Peter (June 13, 2013).
"John Landis says Michael Jackson was too 'grotesque' to film: Howell"
.
The Toronto Star
.
ISSN
0319-0781
. Retrieved
January 7,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Hebblethwaite, Phil (November 21, 2013).
"How Michael Jackson's Thriller changed music videos for ever"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
October 29,
2018
.
- ^
Jay Cocks; Denise Worrell; Peter Ainslie; Adam Zagorin (December 26, 1982).
"Sing a Song of Seeing"
.
Time
. Archived from
the original
on November 1, 2007
. Retrieved
November 15,
2009
.
- ^
a
b
c
Romano, Aja (October 31, 2018).
"Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' is the eternal Halloween bop ? and so much more"
.
Vox
. Retrieved
October 4,
2019
.
- ^
Isaad, Virginia (November 21, 2012).
"It Happened This Week in L.A. History: Silver Screen Thrills Los Angeles Magazine"
.
Los Angeles Magazine
. Retrieved
March 3,
2021
.
- ^
"Young People Ask..."What About Music Videos?"
".
Awake!
. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. May 22, 1984.
- ^
London, Michael (December 3, 1983).
"Michael Jackson's Thriller"
.
The Courier-Journal
.
Louisville
,
Kentucky
. p. 29
. Retrieved
November 23,
2022
.
- ^
Peel, Ian.
"The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller was a huge money-spinner, selling over 10 million copies" - Classic Pop Presents Michael Jackson 2016
. Anthem Publishing.
- ^
"VMA Archive 1984"
.
MTV
. March 1, 2000. Archived from
the original
on March 1, 2000
. Retrieved
October 13,
2020
.
- ^
a
b
Patrick Kevin Day; Todd Martens (February 18, 2008).
"25 'Thriller' facts"
.
Los Angeles Times
. Retrieved
January 23,
2010
.
- ^
"Michael Jackson's videos set a new standard"
.
Reuters
. July 3, 2009
. Retrieved
September 30,
2019
.
- ^
a
b
Vinny Marino (May 2, 2001).
"VH1 Names '100 Greatest Videos of All Time'
"
.
ABC News
. Retrieved
January 22,
2010
.
- ^
a
b
Gil Kaufman (December 30, 2009).
"Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Added To National Film Registry"
.
MTV
. Retrieved
January 23,
2010
.
- ^
"MTV: 100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made"
.
RockOnTheNet.com
. Rock on the Net
. Retrieved
January 23,
2010
.
- ^
Craig Duff (July 28, 2011).
"The 30 All-TIME Best Music Videos ? Michael Jackson, 'Thriller'
"
.
Time
. Archived from
the original
on July 28, 2011
. Retrieved
August 19,
2011
.
- ^
"
'Thriller' voted most influential pop video"
. MSNBC. May 2, 2010. Archived from
the original
on May 5, 2010
. Retrieved
May 3,
2010
.
- ^
Alex Dobuzinskis (December 30, 2009).
"Jackson "Thriller" film picked for U.S. registry"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
January 22,
2010
.
- ^
Dave Itzkoff (December 30, 2009).
"
'Thriller' Video Added to U.S. Film Registry"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
January 23,
2010
.
- ^
"Michael Jackson's Thriller added to US film archive"
.
BBC News
. December 31, 2009
. Retrieved
January 22,
2010
.
- ^
Perpetua, Matthew (June 27, 2011).
"
'Thriller' Jacket Brings in $1.8 Million"
.
Rolling Stone
. Retrieved
October 9,
2019
.
- ^
Clifford, Edward.
"Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' remains a Halloween hit"
.
Massachusetts Daily Collegian
. Retrieved
September 30,
2019
.
- ^
McCarthy, Ciara (November 1, 2016).
"Barack and Michelle Obama make Halloween a thriller for DC kids"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
October 4,
2019
.
- ^
"
'Michael Jackson's Thriller 3D' to World Premiere at Venice Film Festival 2017"
.
The Hollywood Reporter
. August 7, 2017
. Retrieved
December 17,
2018
.
- ^
Brown, Phil (September 13, 2017).
"John Landis on 'Thriller 3D', the 'American Werewolf' Remake, & Lucasfilm's Director Troubles"
.
Collider
. Retrieved
December 17,
2018
.
- ^
Niemietz, Brian (October 27, 2017).
"
'Thriller 3D' screening brings back the ghosts of Michael Jackson past ? NY Daily News"
.
Daily News
. New York
. Retrieved
December 17,
2018
.
- ^
"
'Michael Jackson's Thriller 3D' To Be Remastered for IMAX"
.
Billboard
. Retrieved
December 17,
2018
.
- ^
"Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Could be Broadway Show"
.
NPR.org
.
- ^
"Review: Masterful Plants vs. Zombies Proves Less Is More"
.
Wired
. May 5, 2009.
Archived
from the original on September 5, 2009
. Retrieved
March 15,
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Plants vs. Zombies (Windows, Mac OS X) - the Cutting Room Floor"
.
- ^
Frustick, Russ (July 27, 2010).
"Michael Jackson Estate Forces 'Plants vs. Zombies' Update"
.
MTV
.
Archived
from the original on July 28, 2010
. Retrieved
March 15,
2021
.
- ^
"
Thriller
director John Landis sues Michael Jackson over profits"
.
The Guardian
. January 29, 2009
. Retrieved
January 7,
2022
.
- ^
"
'Thriller' actress Ola Ray paid $75,000 in royalties dispute: report"
.
Billboard
. January 4, 2013
. Retrieved
March 3,
2022
.
- ^
"MTV: 100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made"
. Rock On The Net
. Retrieved
August 19,
2016
.
Sources
[
edit
]
- Dendle, Peter (2001),
"Thriller"
,
The Zombie Movie Encyclopedia
, McFarland & Company,
ISBN
978-0786455201
- Mercer, Kobena (1991),
"Monster Metaphors: Notes on Michael Jackson's Thriller"
, in Gledhill, Christine (ed.),
Stardom: Industry of Desire
, Psychology Press,
ISBN
978-0415052177
- Mercer, Kobena (2005),
"Monster Metaphors: Notes on Michael Jackson's Thriller"
, in Frith, Simon; Goodwin, Andrew; Grossberg, Larence (eds.),
Sound and Vision: The Music Video Reader
, Routledge,
ISBN
978-1134869237
External links
[
edit
]
Michael Jackson's Thriller
|
---|
|
---|
| Studio albums
| |
---|
Posthumous albums
| |
---|
Anniversary reissues
| |
---|
Remix albums
| |
---|
Soundtracks
| |
---|
Compilations
| |
---|
Box sets
| |
---|
Concert tours
| |
---|
Specials
| |
---|
Video albums
| |
---|
Films
| |
---|
Television
| |
---|
Video games
| |
---|
Books
| |
---|
Documentaries
| |
---|
Biographical films
| Theatrical films
| |
---|
Television films
| |
---|
|
---|
Stage shows
| |
---|
Death
| |
---|
Influence
| |
---|
Related
| |
---|
|
|
---|
Side one
| |
---|
Side two
| |
---|
Related articles
| |
---|
|
---|
Feature films
| |
---|
Documentaries
| |
---|
Music videos
| |
---|
Television
| |
---|
|