Traditional long-necked string instrument
The
Azerbaijani Tar
is a long-necked, plucked
lute
, traditionally crafted, and performed in communities throughout the
Republic of Azerbaijan
. The tar is featured alone or with other instruments in numerous traditional musical styles. It is also considered by many to be the country's leading musical instrument. The tar and the skills related to this tradition play a significant role in shaping the
cultural identity
of
Azerbaijanis
.
In 2012, the craftsmanship and performance art of the tar was added to the
UNESCO
's
Intangible Cultural Heritage List
.
[1]
Performing
[
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]
Performers hold the instrument horizontally, against the
chest
, and pluck the
strings
with a
plectrum
, while using
trills
and a variety of techniques and strokes to add colour. Tar performance has an essential place in
weddings
and different social gatherings, festive events, and public concerts. Players transmit their skills to young people within their community by word of mouth, demonstration, and at educational musical institutions.
History
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The "Azerbaijani tar" or "11 string tar" is an instrument in a slightly different shape from the Persian Tar and was developed from the original Persian tar around 1870 by
Sadigjan
. It has a slightly different build and has more strings. The Caucasus tar has one extra bass-string on the side, on a raised nut, and usually 2 double resonance strings via small metal nuts halfway the neck. All these strings are running next to the main strings over the bridge and are fixed to a string-holder and the edge of the body.
[2]
In the second half of the 19th century, tar went through different renovations. One of the greatest musicians - performers on container
Mirza Sadiq Asad
(1846-1902) introduced changes in traditional iranian tar structure and form, increasing the number of its strings and bringing them up to 11. He, in addition, has changed the way the game on the container, raising tool with performer knees to his chest.
[3]
New flowering of playing on the container begins in the 20th century. For example, the tar took the lead in the first Sheet orchestra of folk musical instruments, created in 1931 on the initiative of
Uzeyir Hajibeyov
and
Muslim Magomayev
largest Azerbaijani composers and public figures of the first half of the 20th century. School of sheet music playing on national instruments based Uzeyir Hajibeyov, further expanded the technical and artistic possibilities of the packaging.
[3]
In Azerbaijan music, tar was used primarily as a lead instrument in the so-called
mugham
trio of singers (singer), which also includes
kamancha
and
daf
. The tar, as a part of mugham trio and as a solo, to date, continues to play a crucial role in the art of mugam, traditional and popular in Azerbaijan.
[3]
See also
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Sources
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]
External links
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]
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Shared
|
- Novruz
(
Azeri
· 2009)
- Flatbread making and sharing culture:
Lavash
, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka (2016)
- Art of crafting and playing with
kamancha
(2017)
- Heritage of the
Book of Dede Gorgud
, epic culture, folk tales and music (2018)
- Art of
miniature
(2020)
- Sericulture
and traditional production of silk for weaving (
Azeri
· 2022)
- Culture of
tea
, a symbol of identity, hospitality and social interaction (
Azeri
· 2022)
- Telling tradition of
Molla Nasraddin
anecdotes (2022)
- Craftsmanship and performing art of
balaban
(2023)
- Craftsmanship of mother of pearl
inlay
(2023)
- Iftar
and its socio-cultural traditions (2023)
- Art of
illumination
(2023)
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Need of Urgent Safeguarding
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