Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
This article is about a 1973 spaceflight. For the mission identified by NASA as ISS Soyuz 13, see
Soyuz TMA-9
.
Soyuz 13
(
Russian
:
Союз 13
,
Union 13
) was a December, 1973, Soviet crewed space flight, the second test flight of the redesigned
Soyuz 7K-T
spacecraft that first flew as
Soyuz 12
. The spacecraft was specially modified to carry the
Orion 2 Space Observatory
. The flight, crewed by
Pyotr Klimuk
and
Valentin Lebedev
, was the
Soviet Union
's first dedicated science mission,
[4]
and was the first mission controlled by the new
Kaliningrad
Mission Control Center
.
[5]
Crew
[
edit
]
Backup crew
[
edit
]
Reserve crew
[
edit
]
Mission parameters
[
edit
]
- Mass:
6,570 kg (14,480 lb)
[1]
- Perigee:
225.0 km (139.8 mi)
[3]
- Apogee:
272.0 km (169.0 mi)
- Inclination:
51.60°
- Period:
89.20 minutes
Mission highlights
[
edit
]
Launched 18 December 1973, the Soyuz 13 crew of Klimuk and Lebedev performed some of the experiments intended for the failed
Salyut
space stations from the previous year.
[5]
Unlike
Soyuz 12
, the craft was equipped with solar panels to allow for an extended mission. Additionally, an orbital module was attached replacing unneeded docking equipment. This module included the
Orion 2 Space Observatory
(see below).
[5]
The crew used a
multispectral camera
to measure the atmosphere and pollution.
[5]
They also tested the Oasis 2 closed
ecology
system, and harvested
protein
, yielding 30 times the original
biomass
.
Medical
tests were also carried out, including experiments to measure
blood flow
to the
brain
.
[5]
The crew landed in a heavy snowstorm on 26 December 1973, but were recovered a few minutes later, some 200 km at southwest of
Karaganda
,
Kazakhstan
.
[5]
During its 8-day mission, Soyuz 13 was in orbit around the Earth at the same time as the U.S.
Skylab 4
mission, which had been launched on November 16, and which would remain in orbit until February 8, marking the first time that both the United States and the Soviet Union had crewed missions operating simultaneously.
[6]
Orion 2 Space Observatory
[
edit
]
The
Orion 2 Space Observatory
, designed by
Grigor Gurzadyan
, was operated by crew member Lebedev.
Ultraviolet spectrograms
of thousands of stars to as faint as 13th
magnitude
were obtained by a wide-angle
meniscus
telescope of the
Cassegrain
system, with an aperture diameter of 240 mm, an equivalent focal length of 1000 mm, and a 4-grade
quartz prism objective
. The dispersion of the spectrograph was 17, 28 and 55 nm/mm, at wavelengths of 200, 250 and 300 nm respectively. The first satellite Ultraviolet spectrogram of a
planetary nebula
(
IC 2149
in
Auriga
) was obtained, revealing lines of
aluminium
and
titanium
- elements not previously observed in objects of that type.
Two-photon emission
in that planetary nebula and a remarkable
star cluster
in Auriga were also discovered. Additionally,
comet Kohoutek
was observed.
[5]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"Display: Soyuz 13 1973-103A"
. NASA. 14 May 2020
. Retrieved
18 October
2020
.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
- ^
"Baikonur LC1"
. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
the original
on 15 April 2009
. Retrieved
4 March
2009
.
- ^
a
b
"Trajectory: Soyuz 13 1973-103A"
. NASA. 14 May 2020
. Retrieved
18 October
2020
.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
- ^
Clark, Phillip (1988).
The Soviet Manned Space Program
. New York: Orion Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc.
ISBN
0-517-56954-X
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Newkirk, Dennis (1990).
Almanac of Soviet Manned Space Flight
. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company.
ISBN
0-87201-848-2
.
- ^
"Skylab 3 Astronauts Wish Russians Luck",
Los Angeles Times
, December 19, 1973, p. 22 ("The launch marked the first time that Russian and American astronauts were aloft simultaneously." )
External links
[
edit
]
- G. A. Gurzadyan, Ultraviolet spectra of Capella,
Nature
, vol. 250, p. 204, 1974
[1]
- G. A. Gurzadyan, S. S. Rustambekova, Silicon-rich stellar envelope?
Nature
, vol. 254, p. 311, 1975
[2]
- G. A. Gurzadyan, A. L. Jarakyan, M. N. Krmoyan, A. L. Kashin, G. M. Loretsyan, J. B. Ohanesyan, Space astrophysical observatory Orion-2,
Astrophysics and Space Science
, vol.40, p. 393, 1976
[3]
- G. A. Gurzadyan, Two-photon emission in planetary nebula IC 2149,
Astronomical Society of the Pacific Publications
, vol.88, p. 891, 1976
[4]
- H. A. Abt, Spectral types in Gurzadyan's clustering in Auriga,
Astronomical Society of the Pacific Publications
, vol.90, p. 555, 1978
[5]
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