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Calendar year
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1985
.
1985
(
MCMLXXXV
) was a
common year starting on Tuesday
of the
Gregorian calendar
, the 1985th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 985th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 85th year of the
20th century
, and the 6th year of the
1980s
decade.
Calendar year
The year
1985
was designated as the
International Youth Year
by the
United Nations
.
Events
[
edit
]
January
[
edit
]
February
[
edit
]
March
[
edit
]
- March – The
GNU Manifesto
, written by
Richard Stallman
, is first published.
[17]
- March 1
– After a
12-year-long dictatorship
,
Julio Maria Sanguinetti
is sworn in as the first democratically elected
President of Uruguay
.
[18]
- March 3
– The 8.0
Algarrobo earthquake
hits
Santiago
and
Valparaiso
,
Chile
, leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and approximately a million people homeless.
[19]
- March 8
– A
Beirut car bomb
, planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric
Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah
, kills more than 80 people and injures 200 more.
[20]
- March 11
- March 15
– Vice-president
Jose Sarney
, upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of president of
Brazil
, as the new president
Tancredo Neves
had become severely ill the day before. Sarney would later become Brazil's first civilian president in 21 years, upon Neves' death on
April 21
.
[23]
- March 16
– Lebanon hostage crisis: US journalist
Terry Anderson
is taken hostage in
Beirut
; he remains a prisoner until December 4, 1991.
[24]
- March 17
–
Expo '85
, an international exhibition, opens in
Tsukuba, Ibaraki
,
Japan
, running until September 16.
[25]
- March 18
–
Australia
's longest-running soap opera,
Neighbours
, debuts on
Seven Network
.
[26]
- March 21
– Canadian
paraplegic
athlete and activist
Rick Hansen
sets out on his 26-month, 40,000-kilometre (25,000 mi) Man in Motion tour, which raises US$26 million for
spinal cord research
and
quality-of-life
initiatives.
[27]
- March 25
- March 31
? The inaugural
WrestleMania
is held in
Madison Square Garden
, New York, and is "main-evented" by
Hulk Hogan
and
Mr. T
vs.
Paul Orndorff
and
Roddy Piper
in a tag-team match.
April
[
edit
]
- May 4
? The
30th Eurovision Song Contest
takes place in
Gothenburg
,
Sweden
and is won by the
Bobbysocks!
song
La det swinge
for
Norway
.
[31]
- May 5
? U.S. President
Ronald Reagan
joins West German Chancellor
Helmut Kohl
for a
controversial
funeral service at a cemetery in
Bitburg
, West Germany, which includes the graves of 59 elite
S.S.
troops from World War II.
[32]
- May 9
? The 3rd total
Victory Day
Parade (the first being in 1945 and the next in 1965) is
held
on Red Square in
Moscow
in the Soviet Union. It features T-34-85 tanks, veterans of World War II from Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, and is the first parade to be held during the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev.
- May 11
- May 15
?
Argentine President
Raul Alfonsin
terminates Argentine administration of the
Falkland Islands
but does not relinquish Argentina's
claim to the islands
.
- May 16
? Scientists of the
British Antarctic Survey
announce the discovery of the
ozone hole
.
[34]
[35]
[36]
- May 25
? Approximately 10,000 people are killed when
Bangladesh
is affected by the
storm surge
from
Tropical Storm One (1B)
.
- May 26
? Young driver
Danny Sullivan
beats veteran
Mario Andretti
to win the 1985
Indianapolis 500
.
[37]
- May 29
?
Heysel Stadium disaster
: Thirty-nine spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the
European Cup
final between
Liverpool F.C.
and
Juventus
(0?1) at
Heysel Stadium
in
Brussels
,
Belgium
.
- May 31
?
Forty-four tornadoes
hit
Ohio
,
Pennsylvania
,
New York
and
Ontario
, including a rare and powerful F5. In total, the event kills 90 people.
June
[
edit
]
- June 6
? The remains of
Josef Mengele
, the physician notorious for
Nazi human experimentation
on inmates of
Auschwitz concentration camp
, buried in
1979
under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, are exhumed in
Embu das Artes
,
Brazil
.
[38]
- June 14
- June 15
?
Studio Ghibli
, an animation studio, is founded in
Tokyo
.
[41]
- June 20
?
1985 Nepal bombings
: A series of bomb blasts occurs in
Kathmandu
and other cities of
Nepal
.
[42]
- June 22
? British and Irish police foil a "mainland bombing campaign" sponsored by the
Provisional Irish Republican Army
which targets luxury vacation resorts.
- June 23
?
Air India Flight 182
, a
Boeing 747
, is blown up by a terrorist bomb 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, on a Montreal?London?Delhi flight, killing all 329 aboard.
[43]
- June 24
?
STS-51-G
:
Space Shuttle
Discovery
completes its mission, best remembered for having
Sultan bin Salman Al Saud
, the first
Arab
and first
Muslim
in space, as a
payload specialist
.
- June 27
? The iconic
U.S. Route 66
is officially decommissioned.
[44]
July
[
edit
]
August
[
edit
]
September
[
edit
]
October
[
edit
]
November
[
edit
]
- November 6
- November 9
? In an all-Soviet match, 22-year-old
Garry Kasparov
defeats
Anatoly Karpov
to become the youngest-ever undisputed winner of the
World Chess Championship
.
- November 12
? A
total solar eclipse occurs
over Antarctica at 14:11:22 UTC.
- November 13
?
Armero tragedy
: The
Nevado del Ruiz
volcano
erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by
lahars
, in the town of
Armero
,
Colombia
.
- November 19
?
Cold War
: In
Geneva
, U.S. President
Ronald Reagan
and
Soviet Union
leader
Mikhail Gorbachev
meet
for the first time.
- November 20
? Microsoft Corporation releases the first U.S. release of
Windows 1.0
, as version 1.01.
[56]
International support comes with the release of Windows 1.02 in Europe in May 1986.
[57]
- November 23
?
EgyptAir Flight 648
is hijacked by the
Abu Nidal
group and flown to
Malta
, where
Egyptian
commandos storm the plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.
- November 25
?
1985 Aeroflot Antonov An-12 shoot-down
: A Soviet
Aeroflot
Antonov An-12
cargo airplane, en route from
Cuito Cuanavale
to
Luanda
, is shot down by
South African Special Forces
and crashes approximately 43 km (27 mi) east of
Menongue
, the provincial center of the
Cuando Cubango Province
,
Angola
, killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board.
- November 29
?
Gerard Hoarau
, exiled political leader from the
Seychelles
, is assassinated in
London
.
December
[
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]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
World population
[
edit
]
World population
|
|
1985
|
1980
|
1990
|
World
|
4,830,979,000
|
4,434,682,000
|
396,297,000
|
5,263,593,000
|
432,614,000
|
Africa
|
541,814,000
|
469,618,000
|
72,196,000
|
622,443,000
|
80,629,000
|
Asia
|
2,887,552,000
|
2,632,335,000
|
255,217,000
|
3,167,807,000
|
280,255,000
|
Europe
|
706,009,000
|
692,431,000
|
13,578,000
|
721,582,000
|
15,573,000
|
South America
|
401,469,000
|
361,401,000
|
40,068,000
|
441,525,000
|
40,056,000
|
North America
|
269,456,000
|
256,068,000
|
13,388,000
|
283,549,000
|
14,093,000
|
Oceania
|
24,678,000
|
22,828,000
|
1,850,000
|
26,687,000
|
2,009,000
|
Births and deaths
[
edit
]
Nobel Prizes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Test: Total English Skills Training' 2008 Ed
. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 2008. p. 81.
ISBN
978-971-23-5127-3
.
- ^
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee for Fisheries (1985).
Problems of Trade in Fishery Products
. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p. 157.
ISBN
978-92-64-12775-3
.
- ^
John Higley; Richard Gunther; Higley John (1992).
Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe
. Cambridge University Press. p. 264.
ISBN
978-0-521-42422-6
.
- ^
Putzel, Michael (January 21, 1985).
"Inaugural put on ice"
.
Spokesman-Review
. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. p. A1.
- ^
Central Asia Monitor
. Central Asia Monitor. 1994. p. 16.
- ^
Bob Smith; Salim Amin (December 20, 2013).
The Man Who Moved the World
. Master Publishing. p. 85.
ISBN
978-9966-052-03-2
.
- ^
J. Paxton (December 27, 2016).
The Statesman's Year-Book 1985-86
. Springer. p. 551.
ISBN
978-0-230-27114-2
.
- ^
"Hawke Withdraws Support For MX Missile Tests"
.
AP NEWS
. Retrieved
February 23,
2021
.
- ^
United States. Drug Enforcement Administration (2003).
Drug Enforcement Administration: A Tradition of Excellence, 1973-2003
. U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration. p. 63.
- ^
Kifner, John (February 15, 1985).
"U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
October 15,
2009
.
- ^
Altman, Lawrence K. (August 7, 1986).
"WILLIAM SCHROEDER DIES 620 DAYS AFTER RECEIVING ARTIFICIAL HEART"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
September 20,
2008
.
- ^
Altman, Lawrence K. (August 10, 1986).
"A HERO OF MEDICINE; Schroeder, Longest User of Jarvik Device, Helped Prove Hearts Can Be Replaced"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
September 20,
2008
.
- ^
Kleist, Trina (August 16, 1986).
"Schroeder's struggle lasts 620 days - artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder"
.
Science News
. Science Service, Inc
. Retrieved
September 20,
2008
.
- ^
"Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985"
(PDF)
.
National Transportation Safety Board
. March 29, 1986. NTSB/AAR-86/03.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on October 9, 2022
. Retrieved
April 30,
2019
.
- ^
"Northern Ireland Bloody Day"
.
TIME
. March 11, 1985. Archived from
the original
on May 24, 2011
. Retrieved
April 21,
2007
.
- ^
"The RUC: Lauded and condemned"
.
BBC
. October 31, 2001
. Retrieved
April 21,
2007
.
- ^
Debra Cameron; Bill Rosenblatt; Eric Raymond; Eric S. Raymond (1996).
Learning GNU Emacs
. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 471.
ISBN
978-1-56592-152-8
.
- ^
Brian C. Hanon (1986).
Marketing in Uruguay
. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. p. 3.
- ^
"Sismos importantes o destructivos desde 1570"
(in Spanish).
Santiago de Chile
:
University of Chile
Seismologic Service. Archived from
the original
on December 31, 2006
. Retrieved
September 12,
2010
.
- ^
"60 killed by Beirut car bomb"
.
The Guardian
. London. March 9, 1985
. Retrieved
April 20,
2010
.
- ^
"1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader"
.
BBC On This Day
. March 11, 1985
. Retrieved
January 21,
2021
.
- ^
Geoffrey Gibbs (March 12, 2015).
"From the archive, 12 March 1985: Mohamed Al Fayed buys Harrods"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
January 21,
2021
.
- ^
Thomas Griffin Sanders (1985).
Brazil's New Republic: Tancredo to Sarney
. Universities Field Staff International. p. 10.
- ^
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims (2000).
Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3485, April 13, 2000
. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 21.
ISBN
978-0-16-064552-5
.
- ^
Pacific Basin Study Mission: Report to the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session
. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1983. p. 52.
- ^
Idato, Michael (July 14, 2005).
"An Institution Turns 20"
.
The Age
. Melbourne.
Archived
from the original on July 14, 2010
. Retrieved
December 22,
2009
.
- ^
Thomas Cussans (May 5, 2009).
Incredible Journeys: The Stories Behind 60 Remarkable Adventures Over Land, Sea and Air
. Pavilion Books. p. 242.
ISBN
978-1-84340-534-4
.
- ^
"The 57th Academy Awards, 1985"
.
Oscars.org
. October 5, 2014
. Retrieved
January 21,
2021
.
- ^
Terry M. Mays (June 18, 2015).
Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East
. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 19.
ISBN
978-1-4422-5018-5
.
- ^
Frederic Eckhard (December 1985).
Issues Before the 40th General Assembly of the United Nations 1985-1986
. United Nations Association of the United States of America. p. 25.
ISBN
978-0-934654-61-6
.
- ^
"Gothenburg 1985"
.
Eurovision Song Contest
. Retrieved
March 1,
2021
.
- ^
"Ronald Reagan: Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany"
. Retrieved
March 2,
2021
.
- ^
"Fans killed in Bradford stadium fire"
.
BBC News
. May 11, 1985.
Archived
from the original on March 7, 2008
. Retrieved
December 2,
2008
.
- ^
Penguin Pocket On This Day
. Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
978-0-14-102715-9
.
- ^
Farman, J.C.
;
Gardiner, B.G.
;
Shanklin, J.D.
(1985). "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClO
x
/NO
x
interaction".
Nature
.
315
(6016): 207?10.
Bibcode
:
1985Natur.315..207F
.
doi
:
10.1038/315207a0
.
S2CID
4346468
.
- ^
Zehr, Stephen C. (1994). "Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings".
The Sociological Quarterly
.
35
(4): 603?19.
doi
:
10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x
.
JSTOR
4121521
.
- ^
He appears on the cover of
Sports Illustrated
.
- ^
In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States
. U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division. 1992. p. 18.
- ^
Robert Gearty (September 21, 2019),
"Greek police arrest suspect in 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking"
,
Fox News
, retrieved
September 21,
2019
- ^
Council of the European Union (2001).
The Schengen Acquis: Integrated Into the European Union
. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. p. 6.
ISBN
978-92-824-1776-8
.
- ^
Susan Jolliffe Napier (January 1, 2018).
Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art
. Yale University Press. p. 91.
ISBN
978-0-300-22685-0
.
- ^
Bowman, John Stewart.
Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture
. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. p. 398
- ^
Roach, Kent (2011). "The Air India Report and the Regulation of Charities and Terrorism Financing".
The University of Toronto Law Journal
.
61
(1): 46.
doi
:
10.3138/utlj.61.1.045
.
JSTOR
23018688
.
- ^
Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering (June 26, 1985).
"Route Numbering Committee Agenda"
(Report). Washington, DC:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
. Retrieved
April 16,
2014
– via
Wikisource
.
- ^
"Remarks of the Vice President Announcing the Winner of the Teacher in Space Project"
. The American Presidency Project. July 19, 1985
. Retrieved
March 16,
2009
.
- ^
Yoon, Min-yong (July 26, 2011).
"Yesterday's Today 1985 63 Building Completion"
. The Kyunghyang Shinmun
. Retrieved
August 19,
2019
.
- ^
Ranter, Harro.
"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno"
.
aviation-safety.net
. Aviation Safety Network
. Retrieved
October 23,
2023
.
- ^
"Service held to mark 1985 Manchester air disaster"
.
BBC News
. August 22, 2010
. Retrieved
November 18,
2015
.
- ^
"Andropov's Pal Samantha Smith Dies in Plane Crash"
.
Los Angeles Times
. Associated Press. August 26, 1985.
Archived
from the original on March 10, 2016
. Retrieved
May 14,
2017
.
- ^
Alfred, Randy (February 9, 2008).
"Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the
Titanic
"
.
Wired
. Retrieved
November 3,
2011
.
- ^
"Redirect"
.
ato.gov.au
. Archived from
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- ^
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"30 years after Plaza Accord, nations' currency goals evolve"
.
The Japan Times
. Retrieved
May 21,
2021
.
- ^
Fineberg, Jonathan David (2004).
Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to The Gates, Central Park, New York City
. Yale University Press.
ISBN
978-0-300-10405-9
.
- ^
Vaheri-Hyvarinen-Saari:
Hanna-Marjut
? Hylyt.net (in Finnish)
- ^
M/S Hanna Marjut
? Wrecksite.eu
- ^
Edwards, Benj (August 24, 2021).
"35 Years of Microsoft Windows: Remembering Windows 1.0"
.
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.
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. Retrieved
April 15,
2022
.
- ^
"Tech Rewind: Interesting facts about Microsoft Windows 1.0"
.
Mid-day
. November 19, 2015
. Retrieved
October 24,
2023
.
- ^
"Terror bomb ruled out in Canada's worst crash"
.
Montreal Gazette
. news services. December 13, 1985. p. A1.
- ^
Gaines, Larry; Miller, LeRoy (2006).
Criminal Justice In Action: The Core
.
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.
ISBN
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.
- ^
Popescu, Adam (October 4, 2010).
"
"Lali Vasili a stat 20 de zile pe p?mant dup? moarte"
"
.
Evenimentul Zilei
(in Romanian).