From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type of consonant in phonetics
A
pulmonic consonant
is a
consonant
produced by air pressure from the lungs, as opposed to
ejective
,
implosive
and
click consonants
.
Most languages have only pulmonic consonants. Ian Maddieson, in his survey of 566 languages,
[1]
[2]
found that only 152 had ejectives, implosives, or clicks (or two or three of these types) ? that is, 73% of the world's extant languages have only pulmonic consonants. See
glottalic consonants
and
click consonants
for more information on the distribution of nonpulmonic consonants.
Chart
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See also
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References
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- ^
Ian Maddieson (2008) "Glottalic Consonants". In: Martin Haspelmath & Matthew S. Dryer & David Gil & Bernard Comrie (eds.)
The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.
Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 7. Available online at
http://wals.info/feature/7
. Accessed on 18 January 2011
- ^
Ian Maddieson (2008) "Presence of Uncommon Consonants". In: Martin Haspelmath & Matthew S. Dryer & David Gil & Bernard Comrie (eds.)
The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.
Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 19. Available online at
http://wals.info/feature/19
. Accessed on 18 January 2011
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