From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
"W?" redirects here. For the hypothetical particle with symbol W?, see
Gaugino
.
Nasal labial?velar approximant
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The
nasal labial?velar approximant
is a type of
consonantal
sound
used in some languages. The symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet
that represents this sound is ⟨
w?
⟩, that is, a w with a
tilde
. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is
w~
.
The nasal approximants
[??]
and
[w?]
may also be called
nasal glides
. In some languages like
Portuguese
, they form a second element of nasal diphthongs.
Features
[
edit
]
Features of the
nasal labial?velar approximant
:
- Its
manner of articulation
is
approximant
, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a
turbulent airstream
.
- Its
place of articulation
is
labial?velar
, which means it is simultaneously articulated with the lips and with the back part of the
tongue
(the dorsum) against the
soft palate
(the velum). The dorsal closure is made and released slightly before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of their duration.
- Its
phonation
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is a
nasal
consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (
nasal stops
) or in addition to through the mouth.
- It is a
central consonant
, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The
airstream mechanism
is
pulmonic
, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
intercostal muscles
and
abdominal muscles
, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
[
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]
See also
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Notes
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References
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- Bisol, Leda (2005),
Introducao a estudos de fonologia do portugues brasileiro
(in Portuguese), Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul: EDIPUCRS,
ISBN
85-7430-529-4
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese",
Journal of the International Phonetic Association
,
25
(2): 90?94,
doi
:
10.1017/S0025100300005223
,
S2CID
249414876
- Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2009),
"Fonologia e prosodia do Kaingang falado em Cacique Doble"
,
Anais do SETA
,
3
, Campinas: Editora do IEL-UNICAMP: 675?685
- Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Marquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001),
"Shipibo"
,
Journal of the International Phonetic Association
,
31
(2): 281?285,
doi
:
10.1017/S0025100301002109
External links
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IPA topics
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IPA
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Encodings
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