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Mid front rounded vowel - Wikipedia Jump to content

Mid front rounded vowel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mid front rounded vowel
ø?
œ?
IPA Number 310 430
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ø​̞
Unicode (hex) U+00F8 U+031E
X-SAMPA 2_o or 9_r
Braille ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)

The mid front rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages .

Although there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the "exact" mid front rounded vowel between close-mid [ø] and open-mid [œ] , ⟨ ø ⟩ is generally used. If precision is desired, diacritics can be used, such as ⟨ ø? ⟩ or ⟨ œ? ⟩.

Mid front compressed vowel [ edit ]

The mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as ⟨ ø? ⟩ or ⟨ œ? ⟩. This article uses the first symbol for simplicity. There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter ⟨ β? ⟩ as ⟨ e??β? ⟩ / ⟨ ???β? ⟩ (simultaneous [e?] / [??] and labial compression) or ⟨ e?? ⟩ / ⟨ ??? ⟩ ( [e?] / [??] modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic ⟨   ? ⟩ may also be used with a rounded vowel letters ⟨ ø?? ⟩ / ⟨ œ?? ⟩ as an ad hoc symbol, though technically 'spread' means unrounded.

Features [ edit ]

Occurrence [ edit ]

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Breton [1] [ example needed ] Possible realization of unstressed /œ/ ; can be open-mid [ œ ] or close-mid [ ø ] instead. [1]
Catalan Northern [2] f u lles [?fø?j?s] 'leaves' Found in Occitan and French loanwords and interferences. See Catalan phonology
Danish Standard [3] h ø ne [?hœ?ːn?] 'hen' Also described as close-mid [ øː ] ; [4] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ œː ⟩ See Danish phonology
Dutch Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect [5] m u l [mœ??] 'well' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ œ ⟩.
English Cockney [6] b ir d [bœ?ːd] 'bird' Occasional realization of /?ː/ ; can be unrounded [ ???ː ] or, more often, unrounded central [ ??ː ] instead. [6] May be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ ?ː ⟩ or ⟨ œː ⟩.
General New Zealand [7] [8] May be open-mid [ œː ] instead. In broader varieties, it is close-mid or higher. [7] [8] [9] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ ?ː ⟩. See New Zealand English phonology
South African [10] Used in General and Broad accents; may be close-mid [ øː ] instead. In the Cultivated variety, it is realized as mid central unrounded [ ??ː ] . [10] See South African English phonology
Southern Welsh [11] Also described as open-mid [ œː ] [12] and close-mid [ øː ] . [13] [14]
West Midlands [15]
Faroese [16] h ø gt [hœ?kt] 'high' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ œ ⟩. See Faroese phonology
Finnish [17] [18] r o lli [?rø?lːi] ' Common bent ' See Finnish phonology
Greek Tyrnavos [19] κορ ι? ? / kor eo s [ko???ø?s] 'bedbug' Corresponds to /jo/ and /eo/ in Standard Modern Greek. [19]
Velvendos [19]
Hungarian [20] o l [ø?l] 'kill' See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic [21] o ld [œ?l?t?] 'age' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ œ ⟩. The long allophone is often diphthongized to [øœ] . [22] See Icelandic phonology
Korean [23] 왼손 / oe nson [ø?ːnson] 'left hand' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ ø ⟩. Diphthongized to [we] in Modern Standard Korean. See Korean phonology
Romanian [24] bl eu [bl?ø?] 'light blue' Found only in loanwords. [24] See Romanian phonology
Turkish [25] [26] Standard g o z [??ø?z?] 'eye' May be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ œ ⟩. See Turkish phonology

Mid front protruded vowel [ edit ]

Mid front protruded vowel
ø??
œ??
ø??
œ??
e??
???

Catford notes [ full citation needed ] that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few languages, such as Scandinavian ones, have protruded front vowels. One of these, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel , with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, ⟨ ø?? ⟩ (a mid front rounded vowel modified by endolabialization) will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded mid front vowels.

Acoustically, this sound is "between" the more typical compressed mid front vowel [ø?] and the unrounded mid front vowel [ e? ] .

Features [ edit ]

Occurrence [ edit ]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Swedish Central Standard [27] [28] n o tt [n?œ??t?ː] ⓘ 'worn' ( past part. s .) Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨œ⟩ . See Swedish phonology

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ a b Ternes (1992) , p. 433.
  2. ^ Recasens (1996) , pp. 80?81.
  3. ^ Basbøll (2005) , p. 46.
  4. ^ Basbøll & Wagner (1985 :40), cited in Basbøll (2005 :48).
  5. ^ Peters (2010) , p. 241.
  6. ^ a b Wells (1982) , p. 305.
  7. ^ a b Wells (1982) , p. 607.
  8. ^ a b Roca & Johnson (1999) , p. 188.
  9. ^ Bauer & Warren (2004) , pp. 582, 591.
  10. ^ a b Lass (2002) , p. 116.
  11. ^ Wells (1982) , p. 381.
  12. ^ Penhallurick (2004) , p. 104.
  13. ^ Collins & Mees (1990) , p. 95.
  14. ^ Connolly (1990) , p. 125.
  15. ^ Collins & Mees (2003) , p. 299.
  16. ^ Peterson (2000) , cited in Arnason (2011 :76)
  17. ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005) , pp. 60, 66.
  18. ^ Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008) , p. 21.
  19. ^ a b c Trudgill (2009) , pp. 86?87.
  20. ^ Szende (1994) , p. 92.
  21. ^ Brodersen (2011) .
  22. ^ Arnason (2011) , pp. 57?60.
  23. ^ Lee (1999) , p. 121.
  24. ^ a b Romanian Academy (2005) , p. ?.
  25. ^ Zimmer & Orgun (1999) , p. 155.
  26. ^ Goksel & Kerslake (2005) , p. 11.
  27. ^ Engstrand (1999) , p. 140.
  28. ^ Elmquist (1915) , p. 33.

References [ edit ]

  • Arnason, Kristjan (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese , Oxford University Press, ISBN   978-0-19-922931-4
  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish , Taylor & Francis, ISBN   0-203-97876-5
  • Basbøll, Hans ; Wagner, Johannes (1985), Kontrastive Phonologie des Deutschen und Danischen , Max Niemeyer Verlag, ISBN   978-3-484-30160-3
  • Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul (2004), "New Zealand English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English , vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 580?602, ISBN   3-11-017532-0
  • Brodersen, Randi Benedikte (2011). "Islændinges udtale af dansk" . Sprogmuseet (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2019-02-15 . Retrieved 2018-03-15 .
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (1990), "The Phonetics of Cardiff English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change , Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 87?103, ISBN   1-85359-032-0
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN   9004103406
  • Connolly, John H. (1990), "Port Talbot English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change , Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 121?129, ISBN   1-85359-032-0
  • Elmquist, A. Louis (1915), Swedish phonology , Chicago: The Engberg-Holmberg Publishing Company
  • Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140?142, ISBN   0-521-63751-1
  • Goksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar , Routledge, ISBN   978-0415114943
  • Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 35 (1): 59?71, doi : 10.1017/S002510030500191X , S2CID   145733117
  • Lass, Roger (2002), "South African English", in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa , Cambridge University Press, ISBN   9780521791052
  • Lee, Hyun Bok (1999), "Korean", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association , Cambridge University Press, pp. 120?122, ISBN   978-0-521-63751-0
  • Penhallurick, Robert (2004), "Welsh English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English , vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 98?112, ISBN   3-11-017532-0
  • Peters, Jorg (2010), "The Flemish?Brabant dialect of Orsmaal?Gussenhoven" , Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 40 (2): 239?246, doi : 10.1017/S0025100310000083
  • Peterson, Hjalmar P. (2000), "Matingar af sjalvljoðum i føruyskum", Malting , 28 : 37?43
  • Recasens, Daniel (1996), Fonetica descriptiva del catala: assaig de caracteritzacio de la pronuncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme catala al segle XX (2nd ed.), Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, ISBN   978-84-7283-312-8
  • Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), A Course in Phonology , Blackwell Publishing
  • Romanian Academy (2005), Dic?ionarul ortografic, ortoepic ?i morfologic al limbii romane (2nd ed.), Bucarest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic
  • Suomi, Kari ; Toivanen, Juhani; Ylitalo, Riikka (2008), Finnish sound structure ? Phonetics, phonology, phonotactics and prosody (PDF) , Studia Humaniora Ouluensia 9, Oulu University Press, ISBN   978-951-42-8984-2
  • Szende, Tamas (1994), "Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 24 (2): 91?94, doi : 10.1017/S0025100300005090 , S2CID   242632087
  • Ternes, Elmar (1992), "The Breton language", in MacAulay, Donald (ed.), The Celtic Languages , Cambridge University Press, pp. 371?452, ISBN   0-521-23127-2
  • Trudgill, Peter (2009), "Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology" , Journal of Greek Linguistics , 9 (1): 80?97, doi : 10.1163/156658409X12500896406041
  • Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English . Vol. 2: The British Isles (pp. i?xx, 279?466), Vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i?xx, 467?674). Cambridge University Press. doi : 10.1017/CBO9780511611759 , 10.1017/CBO9780511611766 . ISBN   0-52128540-2   , 0-52128541-0   .
  • Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), "Turkish" (PDF) , Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154?158, ISBN   0-521-65236-7 , archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25 , retrieved 2015-04-12

External links [ edit ]

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