Intelligence alliance comprising Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Sweden
Maximator
(named after a type of beer from the German brewery
Augustiner-Brau
) is an alliance between the secret services of
Denmark
,
Germany
,
France
, the
Netherlands
and
Sweden
, comparable to the
Five Eyes
. It was founded in 1976 on the initiative of the Danish secret service and has operated largely undetected since then.
[1]
The most important tool for reconnaissance and decryption was the sale of encryption devices with
weak encryption
methods. This was done via
Crypto AG
, a supposedly private Swiss company secretly owned by the
BND
and the
CIA
.
History
[
edit
]
The motives for the alliance were twofold: cooperation on signals intelligence via satellites and cooperation on technical interception challenges and exchange methods.
[2]
The alliance was founded in 1976 by Danish intelligence and initially only consisted of Denmark, Sweden and
West Germany
.
[2]
The Dutch government was invited to join in 1977 and joined in 1978.
[2]
The name was chosen in 1979 and was taken from a
Munich-brewed beer
.
[2]
France requested to join in 1983 and with strong support from West Germany joined in 1984.
[2]
Other countries have asked to join, but these requests have been turned down.
[2]
Bart Jacobs claims that these include
Norway
,
Spain
and
Italy
.
[2]
Activities
[
edit
]
So far, only some activities by the Dutch arm,
Technisch Informatie Verwerkingscentrum
[
nl
]
(TIVC), are publicly known, mostly providing administrative assistance to the
GCHQ
, a British organization, during the
Falklands War
in decoding of Argentine radio traffic.
At the urging of the CIA, the sale of compromised encryption devices from the Dutch company
Philips
to
Turkey
was enforced against the will of the
Bundesnachrichtendienst
(BND), Germany's foreign intelligence agency, and the TIVC.
[2]
The service maintained a ground station in the
Caribbean
on
Curacao
, which monitored and decoded the radio traffic from
Cuba
and
Venezuela
.
[3]
References
[
edit
]