Mato Celestin Medovi?
Medovi? in 1901
Born	Mato Medovi? ( 1857-11-17 ) 17 November 1857 Kuna at Pelje?ac , Austrian Empire
Died	20 January 1920 (1920-01-20) (aged 62) Sarajevo , Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Nationality	Croatian
Education	Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
Known for	Painting
Notable work	The Arrival of the Croats ( Croatian : Dolazak Hrvata )
Movement	Modern Art

Mato Celestin Medovi? (birth name Mato Medovi?; 17 November 1857 – 20 January 1920) was a Croatian painter. Best known for his large paintings depicting historical scenes, and his series of colourful landscapes and seascapes of his native Dalmatia , Medovi? is one of the earliest modern Croatian painters.

In his youth Medovi? was schooled to become a priest in the Franciscan Seminary in Dubrovnik , and was ordained in 1874, taking the name of Celestin. He received his first art training in Italy, and went on to study at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich , where he began painting artistic impressions of historical events . Following graduation he decided to leave the church and pursue his painting career. Medovi? then moved to Zagreb and joined a group of artists led by Vlaho Bukovac , a renowned painter. His work from this period includes historical depictions at the building of the Croatian Institute of History ( Croatian : Hrvatski institut za povijest ). Since 1901 Medovi? increasingly began to spend time on his native Pelje?ac in southern Croatia, painting nature, still lifes , seascapes and landscapes in a style marked by his use of colour and light shadows. ^[1]

Biography [ edit ]

Mato Medovi? was born on 17 November 1857 in Kuna on the Pelje?ac peninsula into a peasant family. ^[1] Young Mato got his first education at a nearby Franciscan monastery dedicated to Our Lady of Loreto (Delorita). ^[2] In 1868, at the age of 11 he joined the Franciscan seminary in Dubrovnik , where he took his vows in 1874, taking the name of Celestin. ^[1] The artistic talent of the young monk was noticed by Abbot Portoguaro Bernardino, on a visit from Rome. So in 1880, Medovi? was placed in the monastery of St Isidoro in Rome , known for its Nazarene painters . He was assigned to Lodovico Seitz , an influential artist who painted the frescoes in the Cathedral of đakovo . ^[2] However, the rigid and outdated artistic style did not suit Medovi?, and he looked for a different teacher in Giuseppe Grandi , then in the private school of Antonio Ciseri in Florence . ^[1]

In 1886, the Franciscan order sent him back to Dubrovnik. However, at the urging of the painter Emil Jakob Schindler , he was sent to continue his studies at the Academy of Arts in Munich . There Medovi? studied historical genre paintings , particularly the work of Karl von Piloty . He composed large canvases of historical scenes, winning a silver medal in 1893 for his final diploma work "Bacchanal" ( Croatian : Bakanal ), and successfully exhibited his work in several European cities. ^[1]

On his return to Dubrovnik in 1893, there seemed no possibility for further artistic progress. Dr Franjo Ra?ki (a founder member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ) and Dr Iso Kr?njav (head of the Department of Culture ( Croatian : odjela za kulturu )) invited him to Zagreb to join the group of artists around Vlaho Bukovac , a Dubrovnik artist who had recently left Paris and settled in Zagreb. So in 1895 Medovi? left the Franciscan order and set up a studio in Zagreb. During his stay there (1895?1907) he painted many religious works in northern Croatian churches ( Kri?evci , Po?ega , Nova Gradi?ka ) and historical compositions based on Croatian history, ^[1] most notably those in the Golden Hall ( Croatian : Zlatne dvorane ) of the Institute of History in Zagreb. Medovi? also painted a series of portraits of Zagreb people using fragmented lines, soft contours and vibrant colours. ^[2]

In 1898, Medovi? had a house and studio built in Kuna, and a villa on the coast at Crkvice. He began to spend increasing amounts of time there, painting nature. In 1901, he held a group exhibit with Oton Ivekovi? , in which he presented his entire Zagreb works. Until 1907 Medovi? was kept busy with government works in Zagreb and exhibited with other Croatian artists in Budapest , Copenhagen , Paris , Prague , Belgrade , Sofia and Zagreb. ^[1]

After 1908, Medovi? gave up his Zagreb studio entirely and remained on the Pelje?ac peninsula, living alone and painting. His subjects were taken from the nature around him, still lifes of fruit and fish, seascapes, and landscapes, filled with colour, light and soft shadows. ^[1] His seascapes are studies of light playing on the open sea, breaking waves or a moonlit night. ^[2]

After a few years Medovi? grew tired of the isolation from other artists, and for a short time worked in Vienna (1912?1914). In 1914 he held an exhibition, where he sold all his paintings. At the start of the First World War he again went back to Kuna where the harsh living conditions took their toll on his health. By the end of the war Medovi? was suffering from renal disease and in late December 1919 he sought help at a hospital in Sarajevo , but too late. ^[1] He died on 20 January 1920, and was laid to rest in the cemetery in Kuna. ^[2]

Legacy [ edit ]

Medovi?'s time in Italy did not leave a lasting impression his work. His paintings from the time can be found in a few Franciscan monasteries, for example Fucecchio , Faenza , and Cesena . ^[1]

His years spent at the Academy of Art in Munich (1888?1893) were more formative. There he adopted the style and neutral colors typical of the late 19th century. Some very well preserved portraits ("Mother" ( Croatian : Majka ), "Old Fisherman" ( Croatian : Stari ribar ), "Portrait of an old man" ( Croatian : Portret starca )) are impressive studies of elderly people. A few paintings of saints, for example "St. Bonaventura", painted during this period, all reveal a high quality realistic interpretation. ^[1]

During his time in Zagreb (1895?1907), Medovi? gradually absorbed some of Bukovac's techniques and brighter colours into his own artistic personality. His large historical compositions, "Srijemski Martyr" ( Croatian : Srijemski mu?enik )", "Split Parliament" ( Croatian : Splitski sabor ), "Arrival of the Croats" ( Croatian : Dolazak Hrvata ), "Betrothal of King Zvonimir" ( Croatian : Zaruke kralja Zvonimira ), and "The Coronation of King Ladislas" ( Croatian : Krunidba kralja Ladislava ) demonstrate Medovi?'s eye for detail and his skillful interpretation of the subject. Portraits from this time include the expressive "St. Francis", and some drawings and paintings of the people of Zagreb. ^[1]

Medovi?'s work on the Pelje?ac peninsula marked a complete departure in technique and themes. He painted still lifes, seascapes, and landscapes, which were new genres in Croatian art at the time. His palette became lighter and brighter as he worked outdoors: browns, greys and dull greens became purer, and were joined the purple of heather, the yellow of broom, and the rich array of blues of the sea. Abandoning his previously detailed style, his smaller studies from nature are more creative. With thick impasto and impulsive brush strokes, around 1907 a new style emerged in his work ? pointillism in a light, bright colours, that he used for his landscapes of Pelje?ac. Initially (1908?1912), these were disciplined strokes on larger canvases, but in his later (1914?1918), smaller paintings with impressionistically captured motifs, the strokes became softer and more diffuse colours. He was one of the first Croatian artists to paint the coastal landscapes, and it dominated his work after the turn of the century. ^[1]

Medovi? was a versatile artist, among the first generation of modern Croatian painters. He was the leader in historical ^[3] and religious paintings (from intimate images of saints to altarpieces such as those on the island of Pa?man , the town of Ba?ka on the island of Krk , and Vrboska on the island of Hvar ). He painted some fine portraits, ^[1] and Medovi? was the only Croatian artist in this period painting still lifes. However, his major contribution to Croatian painting is his series of landscapes, full of bright southern light and vigorous colours. ^[4]

His hometown of Kuna now hosts an art colony, and art gallery in his name - KUD Mato Celestin Medovi?.

Medovic's painting of "Pelje?ko - kor?ulanski kanal", 1908?1912 appeared on a Croatian Post Office stamp in 1996. ^[5]

Works [ edit ]

Munich paintings [ edit ]

• Mother ( Portret Majka ) 1894 ^[6]
• Old Fisherman ( Stari ribar )
• Portrait of an old man ( Portret starca )
• St. Bonaventura
• Bacchanal ( Bakanal ) 1890 ^[6]

Zagreb paintings [ edit ]

• Split Parliament ( Splitski sabor )
• Arrival of the Croats ( Dolazak Hrvata ),
• The Coronation of Ladislas of Naples ( Krunjenje Ladislava Napuljskog )
• Betrothal of King Zvonimir ( Zaruke kralja Zvonimira )
• The Srijem Martyrs ( Srijemski mu?enici )
• St Jeronim 1901 ^[6]
• Madonna ( Bogorodica ) 1905 ^[6]
• St Francis
• Portrait of Clotilde Guthardt
• Portrait of middle-aged woman
• Portrait of Archbishop Posilovic
• Portrait of Pope Pius X

Pelje?ac paintings [ edit ]

• Dead Calm Sea ( Bonaca ) ^[7]
• After Spring Rains ( Poslije proljetne ki?e ) ^[7]
• Pelje?ac Kor?ula Canal( Pelje?ko Kor?ulanski Kanal ) 1908-12 ^[6]
• Moonlight ( Mjese?ina ) ^[7]
• Heather ( Vrijes ) 1911 ^[7]
• Landscape ( Pejza? ) ^[7]
• Fields ( Polje ) ^[7]
• Heather ( Vrijes ) ^[7]
• Still Life ( Mrtva Priroda ) ^[7]
• Battle of Grobnik Plain ( Bitka Na Grobni?kom Polju ) ^[7]

Exhibitions [ edit ]

Solo [ edit ]

• 2001 Mato Celestin Medovi?: Works from the Gallery's permanent collection Gallery of Fine Arts, Split ( Galerija Umjetnina Split ) ^[6]
• 2007/2008 MATO CELESTIN MEDOVI?: An exhibition marking the 150th anniversary of his birth. From the holdings of the Museum of Modern Art, Dubrovnik ^[4]

Group [ edit ]

• 2009 Zagreb - Munich: Croatian Painting and the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, Art Pavilion Zagreb , Zagreb ( Croatian : Umjetnicki paviljon ) ^[8]
• 2007 From the Gallery Collection, Museum of Modern Art, Dubrovnik ^[8]
• 2006 Selection from the Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik Collection, Museum of Modern Art, Dubrovnik ^[8]
• 1896 Millennial Exhibition in Budapest ^[9]

Museum collections [ edit ]

• Modern Gallery, Zagreb ^[3]
• Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik ^[8]
• Gallery of Fine Arts, Split ( Galerija Umjetnina Split ) ^[8]

References [ edit ]

Bibliography [ edit ]

• Vera Kru?i? Uchytil: Mato Celestin Medovi? , Monograph, colour photographs Mitja Koman; black and white photographs Ivica Buzjak, Mitja Koman, Mladen Gr?evi?, published 1978 by Grafi?ki zavod Hrvatske in Zagreb. (Croatian)
• Zdenko Rus: Medovi?, Celestin Mato , in: The Dictionary of Art , hrsg. v. Jane Turner, Band 21, 1996. ( ISBN   1-884446-00-0 )

External links [ edit ]

• Gallerija Remek-djela Online Exhibit Mato Celestin Medovi?