Type of pasta
Elbow macaroni
die
: front view (left), and rear view (right)
Macaroni
(
,
Italian
:
maccheroni
) is
pasta
shaped like narrow tubes.
[2]
Made with
durum
wheat, macaroni is commonly cut in short lengths; curved macaroni may be referred to as elbow macaroni. Some home machines can make macaroni shapes but, like most pasta, macaroni is usually made commercially by large-scale
extrusion
. The curved shape is created by different speeds of extrusion on opposite sides of the pasta tube as it comes out of the machine.
The word
macaroni
is often used synonymously with elbow-shaped macaroni, as it is the variety most often used in
macaroni and cheese
recipes.
[3]
In
Italy
and other countries, the noun
maccheroni
can refer to straight, tubular, square-ended
pasta corta
(
lit.
'
short pasta
'
) or to long pasta dishes, as in
maccheroni alla chitarra
and
frittata di maccheroni
, which are prepared with long pasta such as
spaghetti
.
In the United States, federal regulations define three different shapes of dried pasta, such as spaghetti, as a "macaroni product".
[4]
Etymology
[
edit
]
In
Italian
,
maccheroni
refers to elongated pasta, not necessarily in tubular form.
[5]
This general meaning is still retained outside
Rome
and in different languages which borrowed the word.
Maccheroni
comes from Italian
maccheroni
(
Italian:
[makke?roːni]
), plural form of
maccherone
. The academic consensus supports the position that the word is derived from the
Greek
μακαρ?α (
makaria
),
[6]
a kind of
barley
broth
which was served to commemorate the dead.
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
In turn, that comes from μ?καρε? (
makares
), meaning the 'blessed ones, blessed dead', the plural of μ?καρ (
makar
), which means 'blessed, happy'; μακ?ριο? (
makarios
, from μ?καρ (makar) + -ιο? (-
ios
, adjective suffix)) and Μακ?ριο? (
Makarios
), '
Makarios
' (Latinized form:
Macarius
), are derived terms.
[16]
[17]
The many varieties sometimes differ from each other because of the texture of each pasta:
rigatoni
and
tortiglioni
, for example, have ridges down their lengths, while
chifferi
,
lumache
,
lumaconi
,
pipe
,
pipette
, etc. refer to elbow-shaped pasta similar to macaroni in North American culture.
However, the Italian linguist G. Alessio argues that the word can have two origins. The first is the
Medieval Greek
μακαρ?νεια (
makar?neia
), '
dirge
' (stated in sec. XIII by James of Bulgaria), which would mean 'funeral meal' and then 'food to serve' during this office (see modern
Eastern Thrace
's μαχαρωνι? (
makhar?nia
) ?
machar?nia
in the sense of 'rice-based dish served at the funeral'), in which case, the term would be composed of the double root of μακ?ριο? (
makarios
), 'blessed', and α?ων?ω? (
ai?ni?s
), 'eternally'.
[18]
The second is the Greek μακαρ?α (
makaria
), 'barley broth', which would have added the suffix
-one
.
[19]
In his book
Delizia! The Epic History of Italians and their Food
(2007),
John Dickie
instead says that the word macaroni, and its earlier variants such as
maccheroni
, "comes from
maccare
, meaning to pound or crush".
The word first appears in English as
makerouns
in the 1390
The Forme of Cury
, which records the earliest recipe for
macaroni and cheese
.
[20]
The
word
later came to be applied to overdressed
dandies
and was associated with
foppish
Italian fashions of dress and
periwigs
, as in the eighteenth-century British song "
Yankee Doodle
".
Culinary use outside Italy
[
edit
]
As is the case with dishes made with other types of pasta,
macaroni and cheese
is a popular dish and is often made with elbow macaroni. The same dish, known simply as macaroni cheese, is also found in Great Britain, where it originated.
[
dubious
–
discuss
]
[21]
[22]
In Great Britain, particularly
Scotland
, macaroni cheese is a popular filling for
pies
, often consumed as a takeaway food or at football grounds.
[23]
A sweet macaroni, known as macaroni pudding, containing milk and sugar (and rather similar to a
rice pudding
) was also popular with the British during the Victorian era.
[24]
A popular canned variety is still manufactured by
Ambrosia
and sold in UK supermarkets.
[25]
In areas with large populations open to Western cultural influence such as
Hong Kong
,
Macao
,
Malaysia
and
Singapore
, the local Chinese have adopted macaroni as an ingredient for Chinese-style Western cuisine. In Hong Kong's
cha chaan teng
('tea restaurants') and
Southeast Asia
's
kopi tiam
('coffee shops'), macaroni is cooked in water and then rinsed to remove starch, and served in clear broth with
ham
or
frankfurter
sausages
, peas,
black mushrooms
, and optionally
eggs
, reminiscent of
noodle soup
dishes. This is often a course for breakfast or light lunch fare.
[26]
Macaroni has also been incorporated into Malay Malaysian cuisine, where it is
stir-fried
akin to
mee goreng
using Asian seasoning similar to said noodle dish (i.e.
shallots
,
oyster sauce
and
chili paste
).
[27]
In the
Philippines
, it is a key ingredient in
sopas
, a semi-clear chicken broth often with chicken meat, pork, carrots, and other vegetables. A common variant uses milk, specifically
evaporada
.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Maccheroni47473hb,
History of Maccheroni
(it)
- ^
Oxford Dictionary,
Macaroni
- ^
"Pasta Shapes"
.
- ^
"U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Section 139.110: "Macaroni Products."
"
.
- ^
Dizionari - Corriere
- ^
μακαρ?α
, (def. III),
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
A Greek-English Lexicon
, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^
Macaroni
[
dead link
]
, on Compact Oxford English Dictionary
- ^
"Macaroni"
, Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^
Macaroni
, on Webster's New World College Dictionary
- ^
Andrew Dalby,
Food in the Ancient World from A to Z
, Routledge, 2003, on
Google books
- ^
Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder
- ^
Dhirendra Verma,
Word Origins
, on
Google books
- ^
Mario Pei,
The story of language
, p.223
- ^
William Grimes,
Eating Your Words
, Oxford University Press, on
Internet Archive
- ^
Mark Morton,
Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities
, on
Google books
- ^
μ?καρ
, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
A Greek-English Lexicon
, on Perseus
- ^
"maccherone in Vocabolario - Treccani"
.
www.treccani.it
.
- ^
α?ων?ο?
, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
A Greek-English Lexicon
, on Perseus
- ^
G. Alessio, "Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana", t. 8, 1958-59, pp. 261?280
- ^
James L. Matterer.
"Makerouns"
. Godecookery.com
. Retrieved
2010-10-20
.
- ^
Beeton, Isabella; Mary), Mrs Beeton (Isabella (27 January 2018).
Mrs Beeton's Household Management
. Wordsworth Editions.
ISBN
9781840222685
– via Google Books.
- ^
"Macaroni cheese"
.
BBC Food
.
- ^
Andy Morton (24 January 2023).
"Pittodrie Pie takes silver at 2023 World Scotch Pie Championships"
.
Press and Journal
. Retrieved
2023-02-08
.
- ^
Beeton, Isabella; Humble, Nicola (2008-06-12).
Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management: Abridged Edition
. Oxford University Press.
ISBN
9780199536337
.
- ^
"Ambrosia - Home"
.
www.ambrosia.co.uk
. Retrieved
2020-04-29
.
- ^
AP, Explore the world of Canto-Western cuisine
, January 8, 2007
- ^
"Makaroni goreng baik punya"
.
MyResipi.com
(in Malay). 18 October 2008
. Retrieved
9 April
2020
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Macaroni
.
Look up
macaroni
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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Types
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Short pastas
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Pastina
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Stuffed pastas
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