Director of the Defence Intelligence Agency
Lowell E. Jacoby
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Lowell E. Jacoby
Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
July 2002 ? November 2005
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Birth name
| Lowell Edwin Jacoby
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Born
| (
1945-08-28
)
August 28, 1945
(age 78)
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
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Allegiance
| USA
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Service/
branch
| United States Navy
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Years of service
| 1969?2005
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Rank
| Vice admiral
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Commands held
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Battles/wars
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Awards
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Vice Admiral
Lowell Edwin Jacoby
,
USN
(born August 28, 1945) was the
14th director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
. Previously he was
Director for Intelligence (J-2) Joint Staff
in the
Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
from 1999 to 2002, and the
Director of Naval Intelligence
and commander,
Office of Naval Intelligence
from 1997 to 1999. He was the
Director for Intelligence, U.S. Pacific Command
from 1994 to 1997 and Commander,
Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific
from 1992 to 1994. He was
Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Pacific Fleet
from 1990 to 1992.
Early life
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]
Jacoby was born on August 28, 1945, in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
. His family moved to
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
, before spending a year in
Storrs, Connecticut
, where his father pursued his doctorate at the
University of Connecticut
. The family relocated to
Manchester, Connecticut
, where he attended Grades 3 through his sophomore year in high school. The family moved to
Silver Spring, Maryland
, where he completed high school at
Sherwood High School
in
Sandy Spring, Maryland
, in 1963.
Education
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He attended the
University of Maryland
and received a Bachelor of Arts (Honors) in 1967 with a Major in Economics and a Minor in
Government and Politics
. He attended the
University of Virginia School of Law
for one year prior to joining the
Navy
. From 1975 to 1977 he attended the
Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California
, receiving a Master of Arts in National Security Affairs (With Distinction).
His military education and training includes pre-commissioning and basic
Naval Flight Officer
training at
Naval Air Basic Training Command, NAS Pensacola
and
intelligence
training at the
Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center, Lowry AFB, Colorado
. He attended the
Flag and General Officer CAPSTONE course
in 1994.
Career
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Jacoby began his active duty Navy career on January 7, 1969, when he began
Officer Candidate training
at Aviation Officer Candidate School at
NAS Pensacola, Florida
. He was commissioned as an intelligence officer on May 16, 1969, and subsequently stayed at
NAS Pensacola
as a student at the
Naval Air Basic Training Command
through August of that year. He transferred to
Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center, Lowry AFB, Colorado
, for basic intelligence training and graduated in March 1970.
His first operational assignment was as
Air Intelligence Officer
with
Fighter Squadron 24
flying
F-8 Crusader
aircraft off
USS
Hancock
(CV-19)
as part of
Carrier Air Wing 21
. His assignment to VF-24 from March 1970 to May 1971 included a combat deployment to
Vietnam
from October 1970 to May 1971. Immediately upon arrival on
Yankee Station in the South China Sea
, his air wing was involved in air operations to support the
Son Tay raid
into
North Vietnam
to attempt to rescue
American Prisoners of War
. Subsequent operations focused on interdiction of supplies flowing into
South Vietnam
over the
Ho Chi Minh Trail
in Laos.
Jacoby volunteered for duty in
Saigon, Vietnam
and joined
Commander Seventh Fleet Detachment Charlie
in June 1971 as the air intelligence officer. This small Navy detachment was charged with coordinating Seventh Fleet carrier operations with the
Seventh Air Force Headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon
for the conduct of the air war in Southeast Asia. This detachment was subsequently re-subordinated to
Commander-In-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
as
Chief, Fleet Coordinating Group, Saigon
to coordinate all Navy operations with the
Commander, Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV)
. he was involved in coordinating the response to the
1972 North Vietnamese offensive
that prompted the simultaneous deployment of six
Aircraft Carrier Task Forces
to the
South China Sea
, the mining of
Haiphong
and other
North Vietnam harbors
and the run-up to the Christmas B-52 bombing campaign in North Vietnam that punctuated peace negotiations.
Vice Admiral
Jacoby departed Saigon in December 1972 at the end of an 18-month tour of duty.
In January 1973, he reported for duty with
Naval Intelligence Command Headquarters
and was assigned as a
Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot watch officer
and
Chief of Naval Operations briefing officer
. During a tour of duty that extended to August 1975, he was a briefer during the
1973 Arab/Israeli War
and subsequent stand-off between U.S. Navy and
Soviet Navy
forces in the
Eastern Mediterranean
, the
Cyprus conflict between Greece and Turkey
, the Soviet Union's largest worldwide naval exercise
(Okean 75)
, the return of our
U.S. Prisoners of War from South East Asia
and the fall of the governments in
Cambodia
and
Vietnam
.
After completing his master's degree program at the
Naval Postgraduate School
in March 1977, he reported to the
Commander, Second Fleet and Striking Fleet Atlantic
as the
Operational Intelligence Officer
. He was promoted to
lieutenant commander
in July 1978. From August 1979 to August 1981, he served as the
assistant head, Intelligence Assignment and Placement Branch at the Naval Military Personnel Command
, where he was responsible for assigning junior intelligence officers and filling intelligence officer positions throughout the Navy and in Joint Commands. His next assignment was with the
Navy Field Operational Intelligence Office
in
Suitland, Maryland
, as head, Naval Operations Branch and as director,
Naval Ocean Surveillance Information Center
. Following a short period as administrative assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence, he reported as head, Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot and served in this position until August 1985. He was promoted to
commander
in October 1983.
Jacoby reported for duty as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence on the staff of
Commander Carrier Group Eight
home ported in
Norfolk, Virginia
, and made a deployment to the
Mediterranean
aboard
USS
Nimitz
and
USS
John F. Kennedy
from December 1986 to June 1987. Upon the staff's return to Norfolk, he reported to
Commander, Second Fleet
as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence. During this tour he was heavily involved in developing new Joint war fighting doctrine and procedures, refining U.S. Navy forward deployment strategies against the Soviet Union and preparing battle groups for deployment. He made three deployments to the
northern Norwegian Sea
aboard
USS
South Carolina
and
USS
Mount Whitney
to test and evaluate Navy war fighting doctrine. In addition, the staff was in the vicinity of the
Yankee SSBN
and the
Mike-class submarine
when those submarines were lost in the
Atlantic
. He was also embarked in
USS
Iowa
when the Turret Two main battery exploded with significant loss of life and the resultant decommissioning of the battleship.
In July 1989 Jacoby returned to Washington as the head of the Intelligence Assignment and Placement Branch at the
Naval Military Personnel Command
. He was promoted to
captain
in September 1989. In January 1990 he was selected for an early rotation and assignment as Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence on the staff of
Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet
at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
. During this assignment he conceptualized and gained concurrence for the merger of three intelligence centers on
Oahu
that served
CINCPAC
,
CINCPACFLT
and
PACAF
in to single
Joint Intelligence Center
. This
Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific (JICPAC)
became the model for joint centers in the
European
and
Central
Commands. Additionally, he was in this position during
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
as the Pacific Fleet supported forward deployed operations.
In August 1992, Jacoby became the second commander of the Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific. In December 1993 he was selected for promotion to
rear admiral
and following attendance at the
CAPSTONE course
, he assumed his duties as
Director for Intelligence (J2)
, on the staff of Commander, U.S. Pacific Command. From July 1994 to February 1996 he served as a frocked rear admiral (lower half) and was promoted to that rank on February 1, 1996. His tenure saw further refinement of
Joint operations and concepts
in response to
Goldwater-Nichols legislation
, new deployment and operational concept development, a series of crises promoted by
North Korea
, growth of
Chinese military capabilities
to include missile firings and provocative operations in the vicinity of
Taiwan
and many changes in relationships with
Pacific Rim nations
as part of an aggressive engagement strategy.
From May 1997 to November 1997, Jacoby was assigned to the Chief of Naval Operations in a temporary duty status. In October 1997 he was promoted to
rear admiral
, and in November he assumed duties as
Director of Naval Intelligence and Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence
.
In July 1999, Jacoby was assigned as
director for intelligence (J2) on the Joint Staff
. His tenure began with leading the intelligence lessons learned effort to examine the operations in the
Balkans
and
Kosovo
.
Operations Northern
and
Southern Watch
continued to enforce
No-Fly Zones
and
sanctions against Iraq
. In addition, the
U.S. Navy EP-3 reconnaissance aircraft
was impounded by the Chinese on
Hainan Island
following a collision with a Chinese fighter during operations over the
South China Sea
and the attack on
USS
Cole
took place in
Aden, Yemen
. This latter event prompted a fundamental change in approach to terrorism analysis and support to operating forces which was embodied in the proposed
Joint Intelligence Task Force, Combating Terrorism (JITF-CT)
operating under the guidance of the
Joint Staff J-2
as part of the
Defense Intelligence Agency
. Jacoby was advocating increased funding for JITF-CT on the afternoon of September 10, 2001, with senior staff on the
House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
. He was in the
Pentagon
when it was attacked on
September 11, 2001
. He led the stand-up of
JITF-CT
, was active in intelligence planning for the
Global War on Terrorism
and military operations in
Afghanistan
, oversaw J-2 activities during the initial phase of combat operations in Afghanistan and was instrumental in developing and championing an operational concept called "2 Plus 7" which became the center point for U.S. operations to dismantle the
Al-Qaeda
organization and attack its centralized leadership and planning functions. The effort focused operations against the two leaders and the seven senior operational planners. The result was a significant degradation in the organization's capabilities. Jacoby concluded his one-year extension as Joint Staff J-2 in July 2002.
In July 2002, Jacoby became the acting director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and served in that capacity until being promoted to vice admiral and assuming the duties as
Director, Defense Intelligence Agency
on October 17, 2002. He relinquished the directorship in November 2005 and retired on January 1, 2006, concluding a 37-year Navy career.
During his tenure as Director of DIA, Jacoby initiated a dramatic improvement in the way the agency collected, shared and used the information its many components generated. In his
statement to the Joint Congressional 9/11 Inquiry
in October, 2002, then newly DIA Director, Jacoby stated, "We must move toward a common data framework and set of standards and will allow interoperability at the data,
not system
, level." This seemingly innocuous statement, far afield from many similar efforts in the federal government, set DIA on a course toward the interoperability it needed, focusing on the information elements themselves, and avoiding the organizational resistance normally generated by technology mandates.
He was saying, in effect, "we don’t care how you do it, but create and share intelligence content in a common format." Under Jacoby, DIA identified XML as the standard syntax for that common format, and chartered a working group to design and maintain its XML standard, initially known as the IC-Metadata System for Publications (IC-MSP; later subsumed in the Implementation Profile for Intelligence Publications or PUBS-XML). In the public sector where success in multi-organizational information sharing efforts has been rare, DIA succeeded, resulting in the 2007 opening of the
Library of National Intelligence
, growing at more than 20,000 XML documents per week. DIA's efforts and Jacoby's foresight hold important lessons for all public sector organizations facing similar challenges.
Since leaving the Navy, Jacoby has continued to serve the intelligence community in the private sector as a senior executive for a large defense contractor; he lives and works in the Washington, D.C., area.
Awards, decorations and badges
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Foreign awards and recognition include the Australian Chief of Defense Force Commendation, the Medal of the Military Intelligence Service of the Slovak Republic II Class and the
Order of the Star of Romania
in the rank of commander (with military insignia).
References
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