Kemanke? Kara Mustafa Pasha

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In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Mustafa , the title is Pasha , and there is no family name.
Kemanke? Kara
Mustafa
Pasha
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
In office
23 December 1638 ? 31 January 1644
Monarchs Murad IV
?brahim
Preceded by Tayyar Mehmed Pasha
Succeeded by Semiz Mehmed Pasha
Kapudan Pasha
In office
17 October 1635 ? 22 December 1638
Preceded by Gazi Huseyin Pasha
Succeeded by Gazi Huseyin Pasha
Personal details
Born 1592
Vlora , Albania
Died 31 January 1644 (aged 51–52)
Istanbul , Ottoman Empire
Military service
Allegiance   Ottoman Empire
Branch/service   Ottoman Navy
  Ottoman Army
Rank Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral; 1635?1638)
Janissary commander (1635)
Battles/wars Ottoman?Safavid War (1623?39)

Kemanke? Kara Mustafa Pasha ( Ottoman Turkish : ?????? ??? ????? ???? , lit.   'Mustafa Pasha, the Archer, the Courageous'; 1592 ? 31 January 1644) was an Ottoman Albanian military officer and statesman who served as Kapudan Pasha and Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire .

Early life [ edit ]

Mustafa was born to an Albanian family in Avlonya (present-day Vlore in Albania ) in 1592. [1] He was an officer in the Janissary corps. His epithet, kemanke? ( lit.   ' bow-puller ' ), refers to his talent as an archer. He was the deputy ( sekban ba?ı ) of the Janissary commander in 1634 and was promoted to the post of Agha of the Janissaries ( yeniceri a?ası ) in 1635. On 17 October 1635, he was appointed Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Navy). [2] Nevertheless, he participated in the 1638 Capture of Baghdad far from the sea. On 24 December 1638, following the death of the then-Grand Vizier Tayyar Mehmet Pasha during the siege, Sultan Murad IV appointed Kemanke? Mustafa as the new Grand Vizier, the highest post of the empire after the Sultan.

As a grand vizier [ edit ]

Following the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad , Kemanke? Mustafa represented the Ottoman side in the consequent peace talks. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab , signed on 17 May 1639 between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires , provided the outline for the border between Iran and the states of Turkey and Iraq that continues to be the basis of present-day borders between the three nations.

Murad IV died on 9 February 1640, and Kemanke? Mustafa continued as a Grand Vizier during Ibrahim 's reign. Ibrahim was a weak sultan, and Kemanke? Mustafa became the de facto ruler of the empire. [3] [ better source needed ] Using severe methods, [ clarification needed ] he ended the rebellions, balanced the budget, and reduced the number of soldiers. He also used his power to subdue and cause the death of other able statesmen whom he considered to be potential competitors for his post. [4]

Death [ edit ]

Kemanke? Mustafa made many enemies. His most important opposition was a kind of triumvirate in the palace, formed by Kosem Sultan (the sultan's mother), Turhan Sultan (the sultan's haseki), a charlatan named Djindji Khodja , and a vizier named Semiz Mehmed Pasha . They began to criticize Kemanke? Mustafa vehemently. Although he gave his resignation several times, it was not accepted by the Sultan. However, the Sultan, who was initially pleased with Kemanke? Mustafa, finally dismissed him on 31 January 1644. [5] A few hours later, he was executed. [6]

Legacy [ edit ]

In 1640, Mustafa Pasha converted a Roman Catholic church in Istanbul into a mosque named Odalar Mosque . According to architectural historian Semavi Eyice , the original church, a Byzantine one, was probably the Monastery of Philanthropos [7] but was converted to the Latin cult and renamed Santa Maria di Constantinopoli during the reign of Mehmed II . [8]

Around the same time, Mustafa Pasha commissioned another mosque, the eponymous Kemanke? Kara Mustafa Pa?a Mosque , to be built in Karakoy , a former Genoese trading colony . The site of the mosque was previously occupied by the Genoese Saint Antonio Church, which was appropriated in 1606 and demolished thereafter. The mosque was mostly rebuilt in 1771. [9]

In Istanbul, the present-day administrative neighborhood division encompassing Karakoy is named after him .

Popular culture [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ History page of Yıldızeli mayor (in Turkish) Archived 1 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ An essay on Kemanke? Mustafa in the periodical Mortar (in Turkish) Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Nicolae Iorga : Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches IV (trans. Nilufer Epceli) Yeditepe yayınevi, ?stanbul, ISBN   975-6480-21-1 p 22
  4. ^ Prof. Ya?ar Yuce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Turkiye tarihi Cilt III , AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, ?stanbul, 1991 p 85-87
  5. ^ Ayhan Buz : Osmanlı Sadrazamları , Neden Yayınları, ?stanbul, 2009 ISBN   978-975-254-278-5 p 96
  6. ^ Joseph von Hammer : Osmanlı Tarihi cilt II (condensation: Abdulkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, ?stanbul. p 231
  7. ^ Historical mosques (in Turkish)
  8. ^ Muller-Wiener, Wolfgang (1977) (in German). Bildlexikon Zur Topographie Istanbuls: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul Bis Zum Beginn D. 17 Jh. Tubingen: Wasmuth. ISBN   978-3-8030-1022-3 . p 188
  9. ^ "KARAKOY KEMANKE? MUSTAFA PASA CAMII" (in Turkish) . Retrieved 15 November 2023 .

External links [ edit ]

Military offices
Preceded by Kapudan Pasha
17 October 1635 ? 22 December 1638 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
23 December 1638 ? 31 January 1644 		Succeeded by
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