Ethnic group native to Africa
Ethnic group
The
Kakwa people
are a
Nilotic
ethnic group and part of the Karo people found in north-western
Uganda
, south-western
South Sudan
, and north-eastern
Democratic Republic of the Congo
, particularly to the west of the
White Nile
river.
[1]
[2]
The Kakwa people are a small minority but a part of the larger
Karo people
, an intermarried group that also includes the
Bari
,
Pojulu
,
Mundari
,
Kuku
, Ngepo, and
Nyangwara
. Their language,
Kutuk na Kakwa
, is an
Eastern Nilotic
language.
[5]
The major cities of the Kakwa people are the city of
Yei
and
Morobo County
(
South Sudan
),
Koboko District
(
Uganda
), and Imgbokolo and
Aba
(
Democratic Republic of the Congo
). The Kakwa people sometimes refer to themselves as "Kakwa Salia Musala", translated directly as "Kakwa three country's" a phrase they commonly use to denote their 'oneness' in spite of being politically dispersed among three countries.
[6]
According to the Kakwa
oral tradition
, they migrated out of
East Africa
(Nubian region) from the city of
Kawa
in between the
third and fourth cataracts of the Nile
. First into
South Sudan
, and from there southwards into
Uganda
and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
[1]
Some of the Kakwa who bordered Uganda, converted to Islam, accepting the Maliki school of Sunni theology in the medieval era. They were annexed into the
Equatoria region
claimed by the Egyptian Islamic ruler
Khedive Ismail
(Isma'ili Pasha) by his descendant
Tewfik Pasha
in 1889. As the
British colonial empire
[7]
expanded into
East Africa
and
Egypt
, the region with Kakwa people became a part of the
Uganda Protectorate
.
[1]
The Kakwa people rose to international prominence when General
Idi Amin
,
[8]
of Kakwa ancestry, assumed power in
Uganda
through a military coup.
[9]
He filled important military and civil positions in his administration with his ethnic group,
[9]
[10]
[
self-published source
]
[11]
[6]
and
Nubians
.
[12]
He arrested and killed officials from other ethnic groups such as the
Acholi
and
Lango
people, whom he doubted.
[1]
Idi Amin
also supplied arms and financed the
Sudanese
Kakwa people in the first civil war of Sudan.
[13]
The Kakwa officials in
Idi Amin
regime were later accused of many humanitarian crimes. After Amin was deposed in 1979, many Kakwa people were killed in
revenge
killings, causing others to leave the area and fled to
Sudan
.
[1]
However, they have now returned to their native areas in the
West Nile region
of
northern Uganda.
[14]
Ethnic violence
[
edit
]
For most of the
South Sudanese Civil War
, the fighting was focused in the
Greater Upper Nile
region. After the
clashes
in Juba in 2016, the
fighting
largely shifted to the previously safe haven of
Equatoria
, where the bulk of SPLM-IO forces went for shelter.
[16]
Accounts point to both sides targeting
civilians
on ethnic lines between the
Dinka
and the dozens of ethnic groups among the Equatorian who are historically in conflict with the
Dinka
, such as the Karo, who include the
Bari
.
[17]
Witnesses report
Dinka soldiers
threatening villagers that they will kill all Kakwa people for their alleged support to Machar and killing
Pojulu people
while sparing those who they find can speak
Dinka
.
[18]
A
UN
investigation said
rape
was being used a tool of ethnic cleansing
[19]
and
Adama Dieng
, the
U.N.'s
Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, warned of
genocide
after visiting areas of fighting in
Yei
.
[20]
Lifestyle
[
edit
]
[3]
The traditional Kakwa
livelihood
has been based on cultivating
corn
,
millet
,
cassava
, fishing and cattle. The traditional villages of Kakwa are linked by their
lineage,
with males forming councils of elders. Polygyny is accepted and practiced, while
Christian
and
Islamic traditions
form part of the Kakwa people’s [cultural value systems and living style].
[1]
Countries where Kakwa are located
[
edit
]
Cultural food consumed by the Kakwa people
[
edit
]
- Maize
- Casava
- Sorghum
- Millet
- Beans
- Cowpeas
- Sesame
- Groundnuts
- Palm oil
- Yams
- Sweet potatoes
- and local fruits
[5]
See also.
[
edit
]
SCHOOLS FOUND IN KAKWA LAND IN MOROBO COUNTY.
[
edit
]
SECODARY SCHOOL.
[
edit
]
Kanyara secondary school.
PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
[
edit
]
- Morobo
primary school.
- Epc primary school.
- Alpha nursery and primary school.
- Bright Future Islamic primary school.
- Luanga primary school.
- Kanyara primary school.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010).
Encyclopedia of Africa
. Oxford University Press. p. 629.
ISBN
978-0-19-533770-9
.
- ^
"AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Kakwa people"
.
www.101lasttribes.com
. Retrieved
7 January
2024
.
- ^
a
b
c
"AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Kakwa people"
.
www.101lasttribes.com
. Retrieved
21 May
2024
.
- ^
petnah (25 April 2020).
"The Kakwa people - the kakwa people uganda, uganda culture and tribes"
.
petnah
. Retrieved
21 May
2024
.
- ^
a
b
Kakwa languages
, Ethnologue
- ^
a
b
"Idi Amin's home developing through cross-border trade"
.
Daily Monitor
. Retrieved
20 August
2020
.
- ^
Chandler, Gemma (29 June 2020).
"British Empire facts!"
.
National Geographic Kids
. Retrieved
22 May
2024
.
- ^
"Biography of Idi Amin, Brutal Dictator of Uganda"
.
ThoughtCo
. Retrieved
22 May
2024
.
- ^
a
b
Kefa M. Otiso (2006).
Culture and Customs of Uganda
. Greenwood. pp. 31?33.
ISBN
978-0-313-33148-0
.
- ^
Thabani ka Sigogo Sibanda (2011).
Conflict Issues Across Disciplines: Conflict, Negotiation, and Mediation: African Experiences
. Xlibris. pp. 67?68.
ISBN
978-1-4568-1761-9
.
[
self-published source
]
- ^
Phares Mukasa Mutibwa (1992).
Uganda Since Independence: A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes
. Africa World Press. pp. 79?81.
ISBN
978-0-86543-357-1
.
- ^
Donald L. Horowitz (2001).
Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Updated Edition With a New Preface
. University of California Press. pp. 491?492.
ISBN
978-0-520-92631-8
.
- ^
Donald L. Horowitz (2001).
Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Updated Edition With a New Preface
. University of California Press. pp. 274?281.
ISBN
978-0-520-92631-8
.
- ^
The Republic of Uganda
, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^
"dinka men with necklace traditioal - Google Search"
.
www.google.com
. Retrieved
21 May
2024
.
- ^
"Who can stop the threat of genocide in South Sudan?"
. irinnews.org. 14 November 2016.
- ^
"South Sudanese flee as country edges closer to 'genocide'
"
. reuters. 1 December 2016.
- ^
"US seeks sanctions on South Sudan rebel leader, army chief"
.
washington post
. 19 November 2016. Archived from
the original
on 20 November 2016.
- ^
"UN:Rape used as a tool of ethnic cleansing in South Sudan"
. CBS news. 2 December 2016.
- ^
"Hatred spills beyond South Sudan along with refugees"
. Reuters. 15 December 2016.