Bilateral relations
Israel?New Zealand relations
are the foreign relations between the
State of Israel
and
New Zealand
. While Israel has an embassy in
Wellington
, New Zealand's embassy in
Ankara
,
Turkey
is accredited to Israel.
[1]
[2]
Diplomatic relations between the two countries date back to January 1949.
New Zealand has exported a mixture of agricultural and manufactured goods to Israel. In return, Israel has exported a range of manufactured goods to New Zealand.
[4]
Bilateral relations between the two countries have been complicated by issues such as the
2004 Israel?New Zealand passport scandal
,
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334
, and the
Israel-Palestine conflict
.
[5]
[6]
[7]
Diplomatic representation
[
edit
]
Israel has an embassy in
Wellington
with an honorary consulate in Auckland.
[1]
New Zealand's embassy to Turkey in
Ankara
is accredited to Israel.
[2]
In addition, New Zealand has an honorary consulate in
Tel Aviv
.
[1]
History of bilateral relations
[
edit
]
20th century
[
edit
]
New Zealand forces serving with the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
(ANZACs) participated in the Allied
Sinai and Palestine campaign
of the
First World War
. In November 1917, these New Zealand soldiers came into contact with Jewish settlers in
Rehovot
and
Rishon
. While New Zealand forces maintained cordial relations with the Jewish community, they had tense relations with local
Palestinian Arabs
, which culminated in the
Surafend affair
which saw ANZAC forces kill the male inhabitants of
Sarafand al-Amar
in retaliation for the killing of a New Zealand soldier. These contacts plus the
New Zealand Jewish community
's interest in
Zionism
influenced the New Zealand Government's support for the
Balfour Declaration
's promise of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
New Zealand voted in favour of the
1947 United Nations partition resolution
, which led to the creation of the State of Israel, despite heavy pressure from the
United Kingdom
on all
Commonwealth
nations to abstain on the resolution. New Zealand gave de facto recognition to the State of Israel at the same time as the United Kingdom on 29 January 1949, and de jure recognition on 28 July 1950.
The incumbent
Prime Minister
Peter Fraser
, who also served as
Minister of External Affairs
, had extensive contacts with the
New Zealand Jewish community
and local Zionists including the Zionist Federation of New Zealand. He also expressed sympathy for the Jewish people following the
Holocaust
, supported a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and called for peace between Jews and Arabs.
In January 1973, Prime Minister
Norman Kirk
approved the establishment of an Israeli Embassy in Wellington following overtures by the Israeli government. Following Kirk's death in August 1974, his successor
Bill Rowling
facilitated the opening of the Israeli Embassy in July 1975. To demonstrate New Zealand's policy of "even-handedness" towards Israel and Arab states, Rowling accepted credentials from both the Israeli and Egyptian Embassies on the same day.
In addition, New Zealand voted to designate permanent observer status to the
Palestinian Liberation Organisation
in the
United Nations
. When the Israeli Charge d'Affairs Yosef Hassin protested, Rowling responded that New Zealand had voted to extend a voice to Israel in 1974 and was now extending the same right to the Palestinians.
21st century
[
edit
]
New Zealand and Israel maintained an active diplomatic relationship over the start of the 2000s, which was complicated by later disputes. New Zealand's Minister for Research, Science and Technology,
Pete Hodgson
, visited in November?December 2000. A Knesset delegation visited New Zealand in August 2001.
[14]
New Zealand
Foreign Minister
Phil Goff
visited Israel in May 2003. A delegation of four senior Israeli Foreign Ministry officials traveled to New Zealand for the inaugural New Zealand-Israel Foreign Ministry Consultations in September 2003.
The Israeli embassy in
Wellington
closed in October 2002 due to financial reasons, but reopened in 2010 with Shemi Tzur appointed as the Ambassador to New Zealand. In June 2013 he was replaced by Ambassador Yosef Livne.
[15]
2004 passport scandal
[
edit
]
On 15 July 2004, New Zealand imposed
diplomatic sanctions
against Israel, and in July 2005 suspended high-level contacts between the two countries, after two Israeli citizens, Uriel Kelman and Eli Cara, were accused of
passport
fraud
in
Auckland
. They denied belonging to the Mossad, but received a six-month sentence for trying to enter the country illegally and working with organised criminal gangs.
[16]
Prime Minister
Helen Clark
cancelled a planned visit to New Zealand by
Israeli President
Moshe Katzav
, delayed approval for a new Israeli ambassador to New Zealand, and called the case "far more than simple criminal behaviour by two individuals" which "seriously strained our relationship."
[17]
Jewish
graves in
Wellington
were vandalised with
Swastikas
and
Nazi
slogans
carved into and around 16 Jewish graves. David Zwartz, a leader in the Jewish community in New Zealand who was appointed as the Honorary Consul from Israel to New Zealand in 2003, said:"...there is a direct connection between the very strong expressions against Israel and people here feeling they can take it out on Jews. It seems to me Israel-bashing one day, Jew-bashing the next day."
[5]
The Israeli Deputy Chief of Staff,
Gabi Ashkenazi
, was denied permission to visit New Zealand to speak at a private fund-raising event in March 2005 because of the freeze on visits from Israeli officials.
[18]
On June 26, 2005 Foreign Minister Shalom sent a letter of apology to the New Zealand government,
[19]
and said that Israel would take steps to prevent a recurrence of similar incidents.
[20]
Diplomatic relations were reinstated on August 30, 2005.
Naftali Tamir
presented his credentials to
Governor-General
Dame Silvia Cartwright
before a guard of honour. Amos Nadav, the Israeli Foreign Minister's deputy director for Asia and the Pacific said "We are happy the crisis is behind us and look ahead to the future."
[21]
2015 diplomatic accreditation dispute
[
edit
]
In 2015 Israel and New Zealand settled a diplomatic dispute that had arisen when New Zealand assigned an ambassador to Israel who was also slated to be the ambassador to the Palestinians. In September 2014 Israel would not allow Ambassador
Jonathan Curr
to present his credentials, saying that would violate Israel's "well-known policy" of not receiving diplomats who are also received by the Palestinian Authority. New Zealand ended the conflict by appointing separate diplomats to Israel and the Palestinian authority, a move viewed as motivated by its recent election as a non-permanent member of the
United Nations Security Council
and increasing impatience within the council over failure to agree on a UN stance in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
[22]
UNSC Resolution 2334
[
edit
]
On 23 December 2016, New Zealand was a co-sponsor on Resolution 2334, which condemned the ongoing building of Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories. New Zealand's Foreign Minister
Murray McCully
defended his Government's actions as being in line with New Zealand's "established policy on the Palestinian question" and emphasised New Zealand's willingness to "engage constructively with all parties on this issue".
[23]
[24]
In December 2016 Israeli
Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu
instructed Israel's ambassador in New Zealand to return to Israel for consultations, in response to NZ's support for
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334
. Immediately after the vote, Netanyahu ordered a series of diplomatic steps against countries that co-sponsored the resolution and with whom Israel has diplomatic relations. Israel?New Zealand relations had not been this fraught since 2004, when New Zealand imprisoned '
Mossad
spies' for attempting to fraudulently obtain a New Zealand passport.
[25]
In February 2017, Israel decided not to return its ambassador to New Zealand and downgraded its diplomatic relations with New Zealand to the level of
charges d'affaires
, which is the lowest level of diplomatic relations.
[6]
In addition, the New Zealand Ambassador (who is based in
Ankara
, Turkey) was barred from entering Israel.
[26]
On June 14, 2017, the NZ Foreign Minister
Gerry Brownlee
confirmed that full bilateral relations had been restored following discreet high-level contacts between the Israeli and New Zealand governments. These contacts involved a telephone conversation between Prime Minister Netanyahu and his New Zealand counterpart
Prime Minister
Bill English
. English also penned a letter expressing regret at the fallout from UN Resolution 2334. Following the letter and phone conversation, the Israeli Foreign Ministry's director-general
Yuval Rotem
announced that the Israeli Ambassador
Itzhak Gerbeg
would be returning to Wellington to assume his duties. The
New Zealand Labour Party
leader
Andrew Little
and the
Green Party
's foreign affairs spokesperson
Kennedy Graham
criticised the government for backtracking on its previous support for the resolution and sending mixed messages.
[27]
[28]
Economic relations
[
edit
]
In 1994 Israel opened a trade office in
Auckland
and the New Zealand and Israel Trade Association, known as NZITA, was established.
[29]
[14]
Since 2001,
Fonterra
, New Zealand's largest
dairy
company, has been involved in a
joint venture
with the Israeli
cooperative
Tnuva
. As of 2007, New Zealand agricultural exports to Israel had been hampered by a tariff on foreign agricultural exports imposed by Israel.
[14]
By 2008, New Zealand had exported NZ$52 million worth of exports to Israel. New Zealand exports to Israel have included machines, equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel, military equipment, and food. Imports into New Zealand from Israel were worth NZ$120 million and have included turbo equipment (10%), machine parts (9%); auxiliary plant equipment (8%), electrical products including insulated wire (8%), and diamonds (3%).
[4]
Tourism
[
edit
]
New Zealand and Israel also have a visitor visa waiver programme. By late 2008, 10,000 Israelis had visited New Zealand.
[4]
In April 2011, Israel and New Zealand signed a reciprocal deal that allows tourists to work for three months without an additional visa.
[1]
The deal was signed by the
Speaker of the Knesset
,
Reuven Rivlin
and his New Zealand counterpart
Lockwood Smith
, when Rivlin was visiting New Zealand.
[30]
Issues and controversies
[
edit
]
Israel-Palestine conflict
[
edit
]
Like most Western countries New Zealand has not officially recognised
Palestine
as a sovereign state. New Zealand has condemned the
Israeli occupation of the West Bank
and has rigorously promoted a
United Nations
-backed
two-state solution
.
[7]
[31]
While it regularly votes for pro-Palestinian measures at the UN, New Zealand is yet to formally challenge only Israel when tensions erupt into significant violence, as with the
May 2021 hostilities
.
[32]
Although the
New Zealand Government
under
Jacinda Ardern
has advocated a placative diplomatic policy towards both Israel that defends its right to exist,
[31]
polls show that almost a quarter of New Zealanders believe Israel
to be an apartheid state
.
[33]
2021 Israel-Palestine crisis
[
edit
]
In response to the
2021 Israel-Palestine crisis
that broke out in May 2021, Foreign Minister
Nanaia Mahuta
called on Israel to "cease demolitions and evictions" and for "both sides to halt steps which undermine prospects for a two state solution".
[34]
[35]
Mahuta's statements were echoed by
Prime Minister
Jacinda Ardern
, who condemned "indiscriminate rocket fire" from Hamas and
"what looks to be a response that has gone well beyond self-defence on both sides." She also stated that Israel had the "right to exist" but Palestinians also had a "right to a peaceful home, a secure home."
[36]
In mid-May, Prime Minister Ardern also sought an assurance from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
that a shipment of firearms suppressors being sent to an Israeli firm for evaluation purposes was not being used in the current conflict between Israel and
Hamas
.
[37]
On 19 May, the
Green Party
MP
Golriz Ghahraman
sponsored a motion calling for Members of Parliament to recognise the right of Palestinians to
self-determination
and statehood. This motion failed to pass due to opposition from the centre-right
National
and
ACT parties
. The governing
Labour Party
also declined to support the motion while the
M?ori Party
was the only other parliamentary party to support the Greens' motion.
[38]
In response to criticism by
ACT Party
deputy leader
Brooke Van Velden
, Ghahraman also defended fellow Green MP
Ricardo Menendez March
's tweet that said "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free!." Ghahraman claimed that March was defending the rights of both Arabs and Jews to having equal rights in their homeland.
[39]
[40]
2023 Israel-Hamas conflict
[
edit
]
On 8 October, Foreign Minister Nanaia Mahuta expressed deep concern in response to the
2023 Israel-Hamas conflict
She called for an immediate halt to violence, the protection of all civilians, and the upholding of international humanitarian law.
[41]
Mahuta was criticized for not condeming the Hamas attacks.
[42]
Prime Minister
Chris Hipkins
confirmed that New Zealand unequivocally condemned Hamas' terror attacks, stating that the target of civilians and hostage taking violated fundamental international humanitarian principles. Hipkins also stated Israel had the right to defend itself.
[43]
On 17 October, the Government contributed NZ$5 million to the
International Committee of the Red Cross
's (ICRC) and the United Nations' World Food Programme's humanitarian relief efforts.
[44]
On 25 October Carolyn Schwalger, New Zealand's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, delivered a statement from Hipkins to the
United Nations Security Council
calling for a "humanitarian pause" to allow Gazan civilians to receive aid and for the creation of safe zones for civilians during the 2023 Israel-Hamas war. Hipkins authored the statement in consultation with incoming Prime Minister
Christopher Luxon
.
[45]
On 28 October, New Zealand voted in favour of
United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/21
.
[46]
[47]
On 7 December 2023, Foreign Minister
Winston Peters
successfully moved a motion calling for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict. The motion also condemned Hamas' terror attack on 7 October, called for the release of all hostages, recognised Israel's right to defend itself in accordance with international law, and called for civilians to be protected from armed conflict. The government's motion also incorporated an amendment by Labour MP
Phil Twyford
calling for the establishment of a
State of Palestine
in accordance with a
two-state solution
. Peter's motion was criticised as being insufficient by Labour MP
Damien O'Connor
and Green MP Ghahraman.
[48]
[49]
In late February 2024, the New Zealand Government designated the political wing of Hamas as a terrorist entity. Previous governments had only designated the
military wing of Hamas
as a terrorist organisation. In addition, New Zealand banned several extremist Israeli settlers who had committed violent acts against Palestinians in the West Bank.
[50]
2011 Christchurch earthquake
[
edit
]
A combination of unusual events immediately following the death of Israeli backpacker Ofer Mizrahi in the
2011 Christchurch earthquake
caused the New Zealand government to investigate whether he and his companions had links to Israeli intelligence. The story gained media attention in July 2011 due to Mizrahi having five foreign passports on his person when being examined at the morgue,
[51]
and his companions all leaving New Zealand within 12 hours of the earthquake and their companion's death.
[52]
[53]
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu called Prime Minister John Key four times following the earthquake, and dispatched the Israeli ambassador to the South Pacific and Israel's civil defense chief to Christchurch.
[51]
A search and rescue team funded by the families of 2 other Israelis missing in the quake was turned away by recovery officials due to the lack of UN accreditation. The search and rescue team was later found in the cordoned off "red zone", and removed by armed police officers.
[51]
New Zealand security officials suspected Mizrahi and his companions were Mossad agents attempting to infiltrate the state's computer databases to gain sensitive information.
[54]
An investigation that involved the
New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
concluded that there was no evidence of such an operation, or their involvement with Israeli intelligence.
[55]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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c
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Further reading
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
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