Beginning of a new lunar Hijri year
Islamic New Year
|
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Official name
| Arabic
:
??? ????? ???????
Ra?s as-Sanah al-Hijr?yah
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Also called
| Hijri New Year
|
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Observed by
| Muslims
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Type
| Islamic
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Begins
| Last day of
Dhu al-Hijjah
|
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Ends
| 1
Muharram
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Date
| 1 Muharram
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2023 date
| 18 ? 19 July 2023
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2024 date
| 7 ? 8 July 2024 (estimated)
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The
Islamic New Year
(
Arabic
:
??? ????? ???????
,
Ra?s as-Sanah
al-Hijr?yah
), also called the
Hijri New Year
, is the day that marks the beginning of a new lunar
Hijri year
, and is the day on which the year count is incremented. The first day of the
Islamic year
is observed by most
Muslims
on the first day of the month of
Muharram
. The
epoch
(reference date) of the
Islamic era
was set as the year of the emigration of
Muhammad
and his followers from
Mecca
to
Medina
, known as the
Hijrah
, which equates to
622
CE
in the
Gregorian calendar
.
[1]
All religious duties, such as
prayer
,
fasting
in the month of
Ramadan
, and
pilgrimage
, and the dates of significant events, such as celebration of holy nights and
festivals
, are calculated according to the Islamic calendar.
While some
Islamic
organizations prefer determining the new month (and hence the new year) by local sightings of the
moon
,
[2]
most Islamic institutions and countries, including
Saudi Arabia
,
[3]
follow
astronomical
calculations to determine future dates of the Islamic calendar. There are various schemas for calculating the
tabular Islamic calendar
(i.e. not based on observation), which results in differences of typically one or even two days between countries using such schema and those that use actual lunar sightings. For example, the
Umm al-Qura
calendar
used in Saudi Arabia was reformed several times in recent years. The current scheme was introduced in 1423
AH
(15 March 2002).
[4]
A day in the Islamic calendar is defined as beginning at
sunset
. For example, 1 Muharram 1432 was defined to correspond to 7 or 8 December 2010 in
civil calendars
(depending on the country). For an observation-based calendar, a sighting of the
new moon
at sunset of 6 December would mean that 1 Muharram lasted from the moment of sunset of 6 December to the moment of sunset of 7 December, while in places where the new moon was not sighted on 6 December 1 Muharram would last from the moment of sunset of 7 December to the moment of sunset of 8 December.
[5]
Alternative date
[
edit
]
Twelver Shia
Muslims believe the Islamic new year is the first of Rabi' al-Awwal rather than Muharram, due to it being the month in which the
Hijrah
took place.
[6]
This has led to difference regarding description of the years in which some events took place, such as the Muharram-occurring
battle of Karbala
, which Shias say took place in 60 AH, while Sunnis say it took place in 61 AH.
[7]
Gregorian correspondence
[
edit
]
Since the Islamic
lunar year
is eleven to twelve days shorter than the
solar year
as approximated by the
Gregorian calendar
, the Islamic New Year does not occur on the same Gregorian calendar date every year.
The following dates are predicted for the Gregorian calendar dates to correspond with the Islamic new year, according to Saudi Arabia's
Umm al-Qura calendar
:
[8]
Islamic year
|
Gregorian date
|
1443 AH
|
9 August 2021
|
1444 AH
|
30 July 2022
|
1445 AH
|
19 July 2023
|
1446 AH
|
7 July 2024
[a]
|
1447 AH
|
26 June 2025
[a]
|
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
Calendar converters
[
edit
]
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Africa
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Americas
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Asia
| East
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South
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Southeast
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West
and Central
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North
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Inner
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Europe
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Oceania
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See Also
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The two Eids
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Other holidays and observances
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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June?July?August
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June
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July
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September
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October
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November
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December
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Varies (year round)
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Bold
indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in Algeria, which often represent the major celebrations of the month.
See also:
Lists of holidays
.
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National holidays
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State holidays
(differ by states)
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