Ancient Anglo-Norman dynasty
For the Grade I listed museum in London, see
Burgh House
.
The
House of Burgh
or
Burke
(
;
d’-
BER
;
French pronunciation:
[d.bu?]
;
Irish
:
de Burca
; Latin:
Burgo
) was an ancient
Anglo-Norman
and later
Hiberno-Norman
aristocratic dynasty which played a prominent role in the Norman invasion of
Ireland
, held the earldoms of
Kent
,
Ulster
,
Clanricarde
, and
Mayo
at various times, and provided
queens consort of Scotland
and
Thomond
and
Kings of England
via a matrilineal line.
The founder of the de Burgh family in
Ireland
was
William de Burgh
, the elder brother of
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
, who was
Regent of England
(and believed to be the ancestor of the
Lords Burgh
). William's descendants included the
Lords of Connaught (Connacht)
and
Earls of Ulster
and
Clanricarde
. His great-great-granddaughter,
Elizabeth
married
King Robert I of Scots
. Another descendant,
Elizabeth
, became the wife of
King Edward III's
son
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
, and were ancestors of the
Yorkist
Plantagenet Kings of England
.
Though the original (Ulster) line became extinct in 1363 and the Clanricarde line in 1916, the Mayo line is represented by the current
Earl of Mayo
.
Origins
[
edit
]
Burgh Castle
Roman fort
remains from above
The surname de Burgh derives from the English village of
Burgh-next-Aylsham
,
Norfolk
or
Burgh
,
Suffolk
and the name is of
Old English
origin, meaning 'fortified town' or 'fortress'.
[2]
The earliest documented generation of the family was represented in the later twelfth and early thirteenth centuries by four brothers:
Descendants of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (d. before 1243)
[
edit
]
Hubert de Burgh, from
Matthew Paris
's
Historia Anglorum
Hubert de Burgh
[
edit
]
The grant of the
Earldom of Kent
to Hubert de Burgh was limited to himself and any male heirs born to his final wife,
Princess Margaret of Scotland
, but their only child was a daughter who was herself childless. Though the earldom of Kent became extinct on Hubert's death, his sons from a previous marriage, John and Hubert, inherited his lands and their descendants passed into relative obscurity until 1487, when
Thomas Burgh
(c.1431?1496) of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire (thought to be descended from Hubert, Earl of Kent's younger son Hubert) was summoned to Parliament as
Baron Burgh
(or Borough) of Gainsborough, though he never took his seat and the creation of this barony is therefore disputed.
[8]
[9]
Barons Burgh (1529?1602)
[
edit
]
Thomas Burgh's son,
Sir Edward Burgh (c.1463?1528)
, did not sit in Parliament. However, his son,
Thomas Burgh
(c.1488?1550), was summoned to Parliament in 1529 and this was deemed as the creation of the barony. In this barony,
Thomas, 3rd Baron Burgh
was
Lord Deputy of Ireland
(1597), and his younger brother, Sir John Burgh (d. 1594), was a distinguished soldier and sailor. Robert, 6th Baron Burgh died as a young child in 1602, and the barony fell into abeyance among his four sisters.
[8]
[9]
Descendants of William de Burgh (d. 1206)
[
edit
]
The Choir and Tower of Athassel Priory
William de Burgh
[
edit
]
The
Anglo-Norman
adventurer
,
William de Burgh
(
c.
1160
?1205/6), arrived in Ireland in
1185
with
Prince John
. He received a grant of lands from
King Henry II
. At John's accession (1199) he was installed in
Thomond
and became Governor of
Limerick
. Between 1199 and 1201 he was supporting, in turn,
Cathal Carrach
and
Cathal Crovderg
for the native throne, but William was expelled from Connacht after a battle with Crovderg over payment for him and his army. He did later return and defeat Crovderg, however, who though remaining as king, swore loyalty to de Burgh. William married a daughter of
Domnall Mor O Briain (O'Brien)
,
King of Thomond
,
King of Limerick
, and claimant to the
Kingdom of Munster
(a descendant of
Brian Boru
and the
O'Brien dynasty
).
[3]
Lords of Connacht (1227?1264)
[
edit
]
William's son,
Richard Mor de Burgh, 1st Lord of Connacht
(c.1194?1242/3), received the land of "Connok" (
Connacht
) as forfeited by its king, whom he helped to fight (1227). He was Justiciar of Ireland (1228?32). In 1234, he sided with the crown against Richard, Earl Marshal, who fell in battle against him. Richard Mor's eldest son, Sir Richard de Burgh (d. 1248) succeeded him, briefly, as Lord of Connacht.
[10]
Earls of Ulster (1264?1363)
[
edit
]
Coat of arms of Edward, 4th Duke of York before becoming
King Edward IV
Richard Mor's second son,
Walter de Burgh
(c.1210?71), continued warfare against the native chieftains and added greatly to his vast domains by obtaining, from Prince
Edward
, a grant of "the county of Ulster" (c. 1255) in consequence of which he was styled later
Earl of Ulster
.
[11]
Walter, 1st Earl of Ulster was succeeded by his son,
Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
. In 1286, he ravaged and subdued Connacht, and deposed the chief native king, (
Brian O'Neill
), substituting his own nominee. He also attacked the native king of
Connacht
, in favour of the branch of O'Conors that his family supported. He led his forces from Ireland to support
Edward I
in his Scottish campaigns, and on
Edward Bruce
's invasion of Ulster (1315), Richard marched against him, despite having given his daughter,
Elizabeth
, in marriage (c. 1304) to
King Robert I of Scotland
, Edward's older brother. Occasionally summoned to English parliaments, Richard spent most of his forty years of activity in Ireland, where he was the greatest noble of his day, usually fighting the natives or his Anglo-Norman rivals to expand his family's land. The patent roll of 1290 shows that in addition to his lands in
Ulster
,
Connacht
and
Munster
, he held the
Isle of Man
, but later surrendered it to the king.
[12]
[13]
[14]
Richard, the 2nd Earl's grandson and successor was
William Donn de Burgh, the Brown Earl
(1312?33), son of
John de Burgh
(d. 1313) and
Elizabeth, Lady of Clare
(d. 1360), sister and co-heir of the last
Clare Earl of Hertford
(d. 1314).
[15]
William Donn married
Maud of Lancaster
(daughter of
Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
) and was appointed Lieutenant of Ireland (1331), but was murdered in his 21st year, leaving his only daughter,
Elizabeth de Burgh
, as the sole heiress not only of the de Burgh possessions but of the vast Clare estates.
[16]
Elizabeth was married in childhood to
Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence
(third son of
Edward III
) who was recognized in her right as Earl of Ulster. It is from them that the
Yorkist
Plantagenets
later derived their claim to the throne of England.
Their descendant, Edward, 4th Duke of York, ascended the throne in 1461 as
King Edward IV of England
, since then the
Earldom of Ulster
has been only held by members of the British royal family.
[17]
[18]
Elizabeth, Queen of Scots
[
edit
]
Robert the Bruce
and
Elizabeth de Burgh
, King and Queen of Scots. Depicted in the Seton Armorial
Elizabeth de Burgh
, daughter of
Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
, married
Robert the Bruce
in 1302 at the age of 13. The wedding most likely took place at
Writtle
, near
Chelmsford
,
Essex
and was arranged by either Richard or
Edward I
, King Edward having heavily encouraged it as a way to keep the loyalty of the Scottish nobility.
[13]
However, the Bruce would soon be separated from his English allies upon the murder of
John Comyn
, his greatest rival for the Scottish throne, in the
"Chapel of the Greyfriars"
. Aware that he would be
excommunicated
for killing someone inside a church, Robert rushed to
Scone
before a
papal bull
could be issued, 6 weeks later being crowned as
Robert I, King of Scots
with Elizabeth by his side as his
consort
.
[13]
They had four children including
David II, King of Scots
, who himself would go on to become King of Scots in 1329.
Burke Civil War (1333?1338)
[
edit
]
Lough Foyle
On the murder of
William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster
(d.1333), his male kinsmen (who had a better right to the succession than his daughter, according to native Irish ideas), adopting Irish names and customs, became virtually native chieftains and succeeded in holding the bulk of the de Burgh territories. After the fourteenth century, some branches of this
Anglo-Irish
family
gaelicised
their surname in
Irish
as
de Burca
which gradually became
Burc
then later
Burke
or
Bourke
, and these surnames and their variants have been associated with
Connacht
for more than seven centuries. Some branches returned to their original surname of 'de Burgh' in the eighteenth century.
[2]
The family's two main branches were:
Burke/de Burgh of Mac William Uachtar (Earls and Marquesses of Clanricarde)
[
edit
]
Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde
Clanricarde
coat of arms
The Gaelic title
Mac William Uachtar
(meaning "son of the upper William (de Burgh)") came to denote the head of the Burke family of Upper or south Connacht but the chief of this family was more popularly known by another Gaelic title, Clanricarde (meaning
"(head of) Richard's family"
).
[20]
In 1543, the
Mac William Uachtar
(Upper Mac William) chief,
Ulick na gCeann Burke
(alias, MacWilliam) surrendered his lands in Connacht to
Henry VIII
, receiving these properties back to hold them, by English custom, as
Earl of Clanricarde
and Lord Dunkellin (1543).
[21]
[19]
Ulick's descendant,
Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde
distinguished himself on the English side in O'Neill's Rebellion and afterwards obtained the English
Earldom of St Albans
(1628).
[22]
His son,
Ulick Burke
, received the Irish
Marquessate of Clanricarde
(first creation, 1646).
[23]
[24]
His cousin and heir,
Richard Burke, 6th Earl of Clanricarde
was an uncle of
Richard Burke, 8th Earl
and
John Burke, 9th Earl
, both of whom fought for
James II
and paid the penalty for doing so (1691), but the latter was restored (1702), and his great-grandson,
Henry de Burgh, 12th Earl
, was created
Marquess of Clanricarde
(second creation, 1789). Henry left no son, but his brother,
John de Burgh, 13th Earl
was created
Earl of Clanricarde
(second creation, 1800) and the Marquessate was later revived (1825), for John's son,
Ulick de Burgh, 14th and 2nd Earl
.
[25]
His heir,
Hubert de Burgh-Canning
was the 2nd and last Marquess. The
Earldom of Clanricarde
(second creation) passed by special remainder to the
6th Marquess of Sligo
. This family, which changed its name from Burke to de Burgh (1752) and added that of Canning (1862), owned a vast estate in
County Galway
.
[26]
Bourke of Mac William Iochtar (Viscounts Mayo and Earls of Mayo)
[
edit
]
Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo
Mac William Iochtar
coat of arms
The Gaelic title
Mac William Iochtar
(meaning "son of the lower William (de Burgh)") came to denote the head of the Bourke family of lower or north Connacht.
Seaan mac Oliver Bourke
, 17th (Lord of)
Mac William Iochtar
was created
Baron Ardenerie
in 1580.
Tibbot (Theobald) MacWalter Kittagh Bourke
, 21st (Lord of)
Mac William Iochtar
, fled to Spain where he was created Marquess of Mayo (1602) in the
Spanish peerage
.
[19]
In 1603, the 19th Lord of
Mac William Iochtar
,
Tioboid na Long (Theobald) Bourke
(d. 1629), resigned his territories in
Mayo
, and received them back to hold them by English tenure and was later created
Viscount Mayo
(1627).
[27]
Miles, 2nd Viscount (d. 1649) and Theobald, 3rd Viscount (d. 1652) suffered at Cromwell's hands, but Theobald, 4th Viscount was restored to his estates (some 50,000 acres) in 1666. The peerage became extinct or dormant on the death of John, 8th Viscount (1767).
[19]
[28]
In 1781,
John Bourke
, was created
Viscount Mayo
(1781) and later
Earl of Mayo
(1785).
[29]
He was descended from the fourth son of Sir Thomas Bourke (d. 1397), whose second son, Edmund, was the ancestor of the
Viscounts Mayo
of the first creation).
[19]
The first Earl's great-grandson,
Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo
, was appointed
Viceroy of India
in 1869 and was murdered in the Andaman Islands in 1872.
[30]
His younger brother was the politician
Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara
who became
Governor of Madras
.
[31]
The baronies of
Bourke of Castleconnell
(1580) and
Bourke of Brittas
(1618), both forfeited in 1691, were bestowed on branches of the family which still has representatives in the baronetage and landed gentry of Ireland.
[32]
[33]
[19]
Arms (Heraldry)
[
edit
]
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
[
edit
]
The Arms of
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
Clarence Ellis noted that there were three known versions of Hubert de Burgh's arms: (1) Lozengy Gules and Vair; (2) Masculy Vair and Gules (as given in the Grimaldy Roll of
c.
1350
); and (3) Gules seven Mascles 3:3 and 1 Vair.
[34]
William de Burgh
[
edit
]
The Arms of
Ulick John de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde (1802?1874)
, Knight of St Patrick (1831)
The original de Burgh coat of arms was adopted during the beginnings of the age of heraldry in the thirteenth century. It was
blazoned
as
Or, a cross gules
(a red cross on a gold shield). According to attributed legend, the arms originated during the
Crusades
while an ancestor of the de Burghs was fighting for
King Richard the Lionheart
. Given that this ancestor did not yet have a crest of his own, he carried a plain gold shield and it is said that, following a successful battle, the Lionheart marked a cross of blood on his shield stating "for your bravery, this shall be your crest".
[35]
Origin stories such as this were attributed to noble and Royal families at the time with questionable historicity.
However, at a time when heraldry was only beginning to be established, these arms were identical with those of the
Bigods
, the ruling family of Norfolk. The Bigod arms had been adopted by
Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk
(d.1221) in the early thirteenth century but his great-grandson
Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk
(d.1306) ceased using these arms after 1269.
Glover's Roll
(
British Library
Add MS 29796), a sixteenth-century copy of a roll of arms of the 1250s, includes a depiction of the
Or, a cross Gules
of the
Earl of Norfolk
.
[36]
The de Burgh claim to these arms may have been linked to the fact that
Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
was the son of Aveline FitzJohn (d.1274), daughter of
Sir John FitzGeoffrey
(d.1258) and his wife Isabel Bigod (c. 1212?1250), daughter of
Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk
(c.?1182?1225).
Variations on this original shield were adopted by different branches of the family. For instance, the arms of the Burke/de Burgh family of Clanricarde added a black lion to the upper-left quadrant (
Or, a cross gules in the first quarter a lion rampant sable
).
[37]
[1]
Another Burke family added a fleur-de-llys to the cross (
Or, on a cross gules a fleur-de-llys of the first
), and the arms of the Burkes or Bourkes,
Viscounts Mayo
, was
Party per fess Or and Ermine, a cross gules the first quarter charged with a lion rampant sable and the second with a dexter hand couped at the wrist and erect gules
.
[37]
[1]
The crest is a seated and chained 'mountain cat'.
[37]
[1]
This is said to represent liberty and courage and is believed to have been awarded for a de Burgh's courage and skill in battle during the Crusades.
The motto has varied between
A cruce Salus
(Latin: 'salvation from the cross'), which would have originated in the Crusades, and
un roy, une foy, une loy
(archaic French: 'one king, one faith, one law'), originating when the family moved to Ireland.
[37]
[1]
Genealogy
[
edit
]
de Burgh Genealogy: Lords of Connacht, Earls of Ulster and Earls of Kent
See also
[
edit
]
- Irish nobility
- The Book of the Burkes
or Book of the de Burgos (1580s), Gaelic illuminated manuscript at
Trinity College Dublin
- Richard Mor de Burgh
, first lord of Connacht
- Viscount Galway
, viscountcy created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1628 and 1687
- Baron Leitrim
, barony created in the Peerage of Ireland
- Burke Baronets
of
Glinsk
and Marble Hill, Galway, created in the Baronetage of Ireland in 1628 and 1797
- Mac William Uachtar/Clanricarde
, the Burke clan of Galway
- Mac William Iochtar
, the Bourke clan of Mayo
- Burke's Peerage
, British account of nobility and genealogical publisher, first published in 1826 by John Burke
- Burke's Landed Gentry
, British account of families of the land-holding class, first published in 1833 by John Burke
- Edmund Burke
(1729?1797), Irish statesman, economist, and philosopher
- de Burgh (surname)
, list of people with this surname
- Burke (surname)
, list of people with this surname
- Bourke (surname)
, list of people with this surname
References
[
edit
]
Citations
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Burke, Bernard
(1884).
The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time
. University of California Libraries. London: Harrison & Sons.
- ^
a
b
Woulfe, Patrick (1923).
Irish Names and Surnames
(in English and Irish). Dublin: M. H. Gill & Sons Ltd.
Archived
from the original on 15 April 2022
. Retrieved
12 March
2022
.
- ^
a
b
Empey, C. A. (2004).
"Burgh, William de (d. 1206), baron"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/4000
.
ISBN
978-0-19-861412-8
. Retrieved
20 December
2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Ellis, Clarence (1952).
Hubert de Burgh: A Study in Constancy
. London: Phoenix House Ltd.
- ^
West, F. J. (2004).
"Burgh, Hubert de, earl of Kent (c. 1170?1243), justiciar"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/3991
.
ISBN
978-0-19-861412-8
. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Ellis, Clarence (1952).
Hubert de Burgh A Study in Constancy
. London: Phoenix House Ltd. pp. 183?202.
- ^
Karn, Nicholas (2004).
"Burgh, Geoffrey de (d. 1228), bishop of Ely"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
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10.1093/ref:odnb/95140
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
a
b
Cokayne, G. E.
(1889).
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant
. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). London:
George Bell & Sons
. p. 421.
- ^
a
b
White, G. H. (1959).
The Complete Peerage; or, A history of the House of lords and all its members from the earliest times
. Vol. XII (Part 2). London. pp. 178ff.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Smith, B. (2004).
"Burgh, Richard de (died 1243)"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/3994
.
ISBN
978-0-19-861412-8
. Retrieved
8 March
2024
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Frame, Robin (2004).
"Burgh, Walter de, first earl of Ulster (d. 1271), magnate and soldier"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/3998
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Archer, Thomas Andrew (1886).
"Burgh, Richard de (1259?-1326)"
. In
Stephen, Leslie
(ed.).
Dictionary of National Biography
. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^
a
b
c
Barrow, G.W.S.
(2004).
"Elizabeth [nee Elizabeth de Burgh] (d. 1327), queen of Scots"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/54180
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Duffy, Sean (2004).
"Burgh, Richard de, second earl of Ulster [called the Red Earl] (b. in or after 1259, d. 1326), magnate, lord of Connacht"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/3995
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Ward, Jennifer C. (2004).
"Clare, Elizabeth de [Elizabeth de Burgh; known as lady of Clare] (1294/5?1360), magnate and founder of Clare College, Cambridge"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/5435
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Frame, Robin (2004).
"Burgh, William de, third earl of Ulster [called the Brown Earl] (1312?1333), magnate"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/4001
.
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
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Archer, Thomas Andrew (1886).
"Burgh, William de"
. In
Stephen, Leslie
(ed.).
Dictionary of National Biography
. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^
Frame, Robin (2004).
"Burgh, William de, third earl of Ulster [called the Brown Earl] (1312?1333), magnate"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/4001
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Moody, T. W.
;
Martin, F. X.
;
Byrne, F. J.
, eds. (1989).
A New History of Ireland: IX: Maps, Genealogies, Lists, A Companion to Irish History, Part II
. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 170?2, 235?6.
ISBN
978-0-19-959306-4
.
- ^
Burke, Donald G. (2013).
"Burke of Clanricarde 1280?1333 [Pedigree Table of selected branches of the Burkes]"
.
Burke's East Galway: The culture, history, and genealogy of the families of East Galway
.
Archived
from the original on 6 May 2021
. Retrieved
4 May
2020
.
- ^
Cokayne, G. E.
(1889).
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant
. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). London:
George Bell & Sons
. pp.
256-62
.
- ^
Lennon, Colm (2004).
"Burke, Richard, fourth earl of Clanricarde and first earl of St Albans (1572?1635), politician"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
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.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Chisholm, Hugh
, ed. (1911).
"Clanricarde, Ulick de Burgh, Marquess of"
.
Encyclopædia Britannica
. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 421?422.
- ^
Ohlmeyer, Jane (2004).
"Burke [de Burgh], Ulick, marquess of Clanricarde (1604?1658), landowner and politician"
.
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(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/3996
.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
McDowell, R. B. (2004).
"Burgh, Ulick John de, first marquess of Clanricarde (1802?1874), politician"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
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Cokayne, G. E.
(1893).
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant
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Brown, F. H. (2004).
"Bourke, Robert, Baron Connemara (1827?1902), administrator in India"
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Cokayne, G. E.
(1887).
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant
. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). London:
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. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). London:
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Ellis, Clarence (1952).
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Bourke, Eamonn (1995).
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[1]
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a
b
c
d
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;
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Archived
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. Retrieved
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Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Bourke, Eamonn (1995).
Burke: People and Places
. Whitegate and Castlebar: Ballinakilla Press and de Burca Rare Books.
ISBN
0-946130-10-8
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- Burke, John
;
Burke, Bernard
(1844).
Encyclopædia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms
. H. G. Bohn.
Archived
from the original on 28 April 2024
. Retrieved
8 December
2021
.
- Burke, Bernard
(1884).
The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time
. University of California Libraries. London: Harrison & Sons.
- Chambers, Anne
(2007).
Shadow Lord: Theobald Bourke, Tibbott-Ne-Long, 1567?1629: Son of the pirate queen Grace O'Malley
. Dublin: Ashfield Press.
ISBN
978-1-90-165865-1
.
- Cokayne, G. E.
(1887?98).
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant
(1st ed.). London:
George Bell & Sons
.
- Ellis, Clarence (1952).
Hubert de Burgh: A Study in Constancy
. London: Phoenix House Ltd.
- Knox, Hubert T.
(1908).
The History of the County of Mayo to the close of the Sixteenth Century
. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis and Company. p. 395.
- Moody, T. W.
;
Martin, F. X.
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A New History of Ireland: IX: Maps, Genealogies, Lists, A Companion to Irish History, Part II
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ISBN
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.
External links
[
edit
]
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