Help : IPA/Basque

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Basque language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation §?Entering IPA characters .

See Basque dialects for a more thorough discussion of regional variation.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b b at b est
β ala b a [1] between ba b y and be v y
c ku tt un s k ew
d d oa d ead
ð a d ar [1] th is
f f oru f ace
? g auak g ot
? he g o [1] between g old and a h old
h h amar [2] h ot
j j akintsu [3] y ou
? on dd o ar g ue
k k e s c an
l l agun l ean
? za il enak mi lli on
m m aixu m other
n n aharo n eed
? ikurr in a , n aka [4] ca ny on
p p iztu s p ouse
r u rr e [5] Spanish r ojo
? French Pa r is
? zau r i American English a t om
s? z eru [6] s ip [6]
s? u s o between s ip and sh ip ( retracted ), European Spanish ho s tia [6]
? x ehe sh ip [6]
t t alde s t and
ts? ai tz in ca ts , pi zz a [6]
ts? urre ts u between ca ts and ca tch ( retracted ), Serbo-Croatian bi ? e [6]
t? tx imist ca tch [6]
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
a gel a f a ther
e e d e r b e d
i n i re s ee
o ah o b o re
u hir u f oo d
y hir u [7] roughly like c u te


Diphthongs
IPA Examples English approximation
ai b ai eye
oi d oi nu b oy
ei l ei ho r ay
au h au h ou se
eu eu ri Italian / Spanish Eu ropa
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples English approximation
. g aua k [?au.ak] m oai
? eus ka ra [eus?ka?a] [8] re cy cle ( primary stress )
? [ example needed ] [9] motor cy cle ( secondary stress )

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ a b c Lenition of /b d g/ occurs in regular speech in most Southern Basque dialects . Hualde (1991 :99-100).
  2. ^ Silent in Southern Basque dialects.
  3. ^ The realisation of the grapheme j varies depending on dialect and can be [ j , ? , ? , d? , ? , ? , χ ] . The last, resembling Scottish English lo ch , is typical of Gipuzkoan , and it has also become common in eastern varieties of Biscayan and the Sakana variety of the Upper Navarrese . However, the standard pronunciation ruled by Euskaltzaindia is [j] , and is the one followed in this help.
  4. ^ Euskaltzaindia. "N Letra" . Retrieved 4 January 2024 .
  5. ^ The double rr is pronounced as a trill [ r ] in Southern Basque dialects but is often a guttural [ ? ] in Northern Basque dialects, especially among younger speakers. Trask (1978 :77) Egurtzegi & Carignan (2020 :2794, 2800).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Basque contrasts two consonants that sound similar to the /s/ of Englishː /s?/ , which is laminal , and /s?/ , which is apical . /ts?/ and /ts?/ are contrasted the same way. The contrast between /s?, ts?/ , /s?, ts?/ and /?, t?/ is similar to the contrast between /s, ts/ , /?, t?/ and /?, t?/ in Polish .
  7. ^ Only occurring in Souletin .
  8. ^ Stress in Basque is complex and varies between regions, the Euskaltzaindia broadly recommends high-pitched weak stress on the second syllable of a syntagma.
  9. ^ Secondary stress is low-pitched and weaker than primary stress, with the recommendation being for it to be the last syllable broadly speaking.

References [ edit ]

See also [ edit ]

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