Systems of courts of law in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland
"British court" redirects here. For the royal court of the United Kingdom, see
Court of St James's
.
The
judiciaries of the United Kingdom
are the separate judiciaries of the three legal systems in
England and Wales
,
Northern Ireland
and
Scotland
. The judges of the
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
, the
Special Immigration Appeals Commission
,
Employment Tribunals
,
Employment Appeal Tribunal
and the
UK tribunals system
do have a
United Kingdom
?wide jurisdiction but judgments only apply directly to the jurisdiction from which a case originates as the same case points and principles do not inevitably apply in the other jurisdictions. In
employment law
,
employment tribunals
and the
Employment Appeal Tribunal
have
jurisdiction
in the whole of
Great Britain
(i.e., not in Northern Ireland).
There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians however for a
Wales criminal justice system
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Justices of the Supreme Court
[
edit
]
The judges of the
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
are known as Justices of the Supreme Court, and they are also
Privy Counsellors
. Justices of the Supreme Court are granted the courtesy title
Lord
or
Lady
for life.
[4]
The Supreme Court is a relatively new Court being established in October 2009 following the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
. Formerly, the Highest Court of Appeal in the United Kingdom was the
House of Lords Appellate Committee
made up of
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
, also known as Law Lords, which with other Lord Justices now form the Supreme Court. It also took over
devolution cases
from the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
.
[5]
[6]
Such Law Lords were allowed to sit in the House of Lords and were members for life.
The Supreme Court serves as the highest court of appeal for all cases in
England and Wales
and in
Northern Ireland
, but only for civil cases in
Scotland
.
[7]
The
High Court of Justiciary
remains the
court of last resort
in Scotland for criminal cases.
[8]
The Supreme Court is headed by the
President
and
Deputy President of the Supreme Court
and is composed of a further ten
Justices of the Supreme Court
.
[
citation needed
]
The Justices do not wear any gowns or wigs in court, but on ceremonial occasions they wear black
damask
gowns with gold lace without a wig.
[
citation needed
]
Tribunal Judiciary
[
edit
]
The
UK tribunal system
is part of the national system of
administrative justice
with tribunals classed as
non-departmental public bodies
(NDPBs).
[9]
Though it has grown up on an
ad hoc
basis since the beginning of the twentieth century, from 2007 reforms were put in place to build a unified system with recognised judicial authority, routes of
appeal
and regulatory supervision, and recognised legally qualified members of tribunals as members of the judiciary who are guaranteed continued
judicial independence
.
[10]
The UK tribunal system is headed by the
Senior President of Tribunals
.
[11]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Written Statement: Update on the development of the justice system and the legal sector in Wales (30 September 2021)"
.
GOV.WALES
. Retrieved
29 November
2022
.
- ^
"Plaid Cymru call for devolution of justice to Wales - 'we can't be treated as an appendage to England'
"
.
Nation.Cymru
. 29 November 2022
. Retrieved
29 November
2022
.
- ^
"Devolution a 'necessary step' towards a better Welsh criminal justice system, academics argue"
.
Cardiff University
. Retrieved
22 February
2023
.
- ^
"Press release: Courtesy titles for Justices of the Supreme Court"
(PDF)
.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
. 13 December 2010
. Retrieved
18 February
2011
.
- ^
"Constitutional reform: A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom"
(PDF)
.
Department for Constitutional Affairs
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 17 January 2009
. Retrieved
2 September
2009
.
- ^
"Part 3, Constitutional Reform Act 2005"
.
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
. Vol. 4. 24 March 2005. p. 3
. Retrieved
2 September
2009
.
- ^
"Role of the Supreme Court"
.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
. Retrieved
2 September
2009
.
- ^
"Section 40, Part 3, Constitutional Reform Act 2005"
.
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
. Vol. 4. 24 March 2005. p. 3(40)(3)
. Retrieved
2 September
2009
.
An appeal lies to the Court from any order or judgment of a court in Scotland if an appeal lay from that court to the House of Lords at or immediately before the commencement of this section.
- ^
Bradley & Ewing (2003)
p.
292
- ^
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, s.1,
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
, s.3
- ^
"Part 1, Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007"
.
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom 2007 c.15
. 19 July 2007
. Retrieved
14 February
2011
.
Judiciaries of Europe
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Sovereign states
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States with limited
recognition
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Dependencies and
other entities
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