From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decade
The
950s
decade ran from January 1, 950, to December 31, 959.
Events
950
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 950
.
(
edit
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history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Byzantine Empire
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Wales
[
edit
]
Oceania
[
edit
]
North America
[
edit
]
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
951
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 951
.
(
edit
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history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
- King
Berengar II of Italy
seizes
Liguria
, with help from the feudal lord
Oberto I
. He reorganizes the territories south of the
Po River
, dividing them into three new
marches
(frontier districts), named after their respective
margraves
: the
Marca Aleramica
, the
Marca Arduinica
, and the
Marca Obertenga
. The last division consists of
Lombardy
with the cities of
Genoa
,
Luni
,
Tortona
,
Parma
, and
Piacenza
. Berengar forces
Adelaide
, the widow of
Lothair II
, to marry his son
Adalbert
. However, she fiercely refuses and Berengar has her imprisoned at
Garda
Castle. With the help of Count
Adalbert Atto of Canossa
Adelaide manages to escape.
- Fall – King
Otto I
crosses the
Brenner Pass
and takes his army into Italy. He is accompanied by his brothers,
Henry I
(duke of
Bavaria
),
Bruno I
, and
Conrad the Red
(duke of
Lotharingia
). Otto faces no opposition and they arrive in Pavia. Berengar II has departed the day before and entrenched himself in
San Marino
. Otto receives the homage of the Italian
nobility
, marries Adelaide, and declares himself
King of the Lombards
.
- Otto I dispatches an embassy to
Rome
to apply for an imperial coronation with Pope
Agapetus II
? but Prince
Alberic II
makes it clear that this is not possible (afraid of Otto's growing power), and opposes the request.
[3]
China
[
edit
]
Africa
- Abd ar-Rahman III
signs a peace in 951 with the new king of Leon,
Ordono III
, in order to have a free hand against the
Fatimids
, whose ships are harassing the caliphal fleet in the Mediterranean and had even launched an assault against
Almeria
.
Abd ar-Rahman's
force, led by prime minister Ahmad ibn Said, besieges the Fatimid port of Tunis, which purchases its safety through a huge sum.
952
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 952
.
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edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Scotland
[
edit
]
Africa
[
edit
]
953
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 953
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Byzantine Empire
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Africa
[
edit
]
954
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 954
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
- Spring – A
Hungarian
army led by
Bulcsu
crosses the
Rhine
. He camps at
Worms
in the capital of his ally
Conrad the Red
, duke of
Lorraine
. Bulcsu heads west, attacking the domains of King
Otto I
, by crossing the rivers
Moselle
and
Maas
.
[7]
- April 6
?
10
– The Hungarians besiege
Cambrai
and burn its suburbs, but they are unable to conquer the city. One of Bulcsu's relatives is killed by the defenders, who refuse to pass his body over to the Hungarians. As a revenge, they kill all their captives.
- The Hungarians plunder the regions of
Hesbaye
and
Carbonaria
(modern
Belgium
). They plunder and burn the monastery of
Saint Lambert
from
Hainaut
, the monastery of
Moorsel
, sack the cities of
Gembloux
and
Tournai
.
- Summer – The Hungarians plunder the surroundings of
Laon
,
Reims
,
Chalon
,
Metz
, and
Gorze
. After that, they return to
Burgundy
. In
Provence
, the Hungarians battle with the
Moors
from the Muslim enclave of
Fraxinet
.
[8]
- September 10
– King
Louis IV
(
d'Outremer
) dies after a
hunting
accident (near his palace in
Corbeny
). He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son
Lothair III
under the guardianship of
Hugh the Great
, count of
Paris
.
- November 12
– Lothair III is crowned by
Artald
, archbishop of Reims, at the
Abbey of Saint-Remi
as king of the
West Frankish Kingdom
. His mother, Queen
Gerberga of Saxony
, appoints Hugh the Great as
regent
.
[9]
- Winter – At the
Reichstag
in
Auerstedt
assembled by Otto I, his son
Liudolf
(duke of
Swabia
) and Conrad the Red submit to Otto's rule. They are stripped of their duchies, but several rebel nobles continue to resist.
[10]
British Isles
[
edit
]
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
955
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 955
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
- August 10
–
Battle of Lechfeld
: King
Otto I
("the Great") defeats the
Hungarians
(also known as
Magyars
) near
Augsburg
(
Germany
). Otto's army (7,000 men), mainly composed of heavy cavalry, overwhelms the Hungarians along the
Lech River
. The German losses are heavy, among them
Conrad
("the Red") and many other nobles. The commanders of the Hungarian army,
Bulcsu
and
Lehel
, are captured and executed. This victory puts an end to the
Hungarian campaigns into western Europe
.
[12]
- October 16
–
Battle on the Raxa
: Otto I, allied with the
Rani
tribe, defeats the
Obotrite
federation, led by
Nako
and his brother
Stoigniew
(probably at the
Recknitz
or
Elde
rivers) near
Mecklenburg
. The
Elbe Slavs
are forced to pay
tribute
, and accept a peace agreement.
[13]
England
[
edit
]
Africa
[
edit
]
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
956
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 956
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Byzantine Empire
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Egypt
[
edit
]
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
957
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 957
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
England
[
edit
]
Japan
[
edit
]
Caspian Sea
[
edit
]
- 957 Caspian Sea earthquake
. It took place in the
Caspian Sea
and its vicinity. The earthquake is mentioned by several
Arab
and
Syriac
chronicle
writers, who claimed that it mainly affected the region of
Persian Iraq
. The initial shocks lasted 40 days, but ceased for a while. The main earthquake then occurred, damaging the cities of
Ray
,
Talikan
, and
Hulwan
. A reported number of 150 villages were supposedly destroyed by the earthquake.
[19]
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
958
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 958
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Byzantine Empire
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Africa
[
edit
]
Asia
[
edit
]
959
This section is
transcluded
from
AD 959
.
(
edit
|
history
)
By place
[
edit
]
Byzantine Empire
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
England
[
edit
]
- October 1
– King
Eadwig
dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old brother
Edgar I
(
the Peaceful
), who effectively completes the unification of
England
, when
Northumbria
submits to his rule.
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
Significant people
[
edit
]
Births
950
- June 12
–
Reizei
, Japanese emperor (d.
1011
)
- Bernard I
, German
nobleman
(approximate date)
- Dedo I
, German nobleman (approximate date)
- Egbert
, archbishop of
Trier
(approximate date)
- Emma of Blois
, duchess of
Aquitaine
(d.
1003
)
- Erik the Red
, Norse
Viking
explorer (d. 1003)
- Guy of Anderlecht
, Christian
saint
(d.
1012
)
- Herbert III
, Frankish nobleman (d.
995
)
- Ibn Yunus
, Fatamid
astronomer
(d.
1009
)
- Lady Finella
, Scottish noblewoman (d. 995)
- Lambert I
, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Lothair Udo I
, German nobleman (d.
994
)
- Masako
, Japanese empress consort (d.
1000
)
- Moninho Viegas
, French knight (d.
1022
)
- Notker III
, German
Benedictine
monk (d. 1022)
- Odo I
(or Eudes), French nobleman (d.
996
)
- Otto I
, duke of
Carinthia
(approximate date)
- Reginar IV
, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Sarolt
, Grand Princess of
Hungary
(d.
1008
)
- Sob?slav
, Bohemian nobleman (d.
1004
)
- William I
, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Wolbodo
, bishop of
Liege
(approximate date)
951
952
953
954
955
- May 10
–
Al-Aziz Billah
, caliph of the
Fatimid Caliphate
(d.
996
)
- October 22
–
Qian Weijun
, king of
Wuyue
(
Ten Kingdoms
) (d.
991
)
- November 9
–
Gyeongjong of Goryeo
, ruler of
Korea
(d.
981
)
- Aboazar Lovesendes
, Portuguese
nobleman
(approximate date)
- Ælfric of Eynsham
, English
abbot
and writer (approximate date)
- Arduin of Ivrea
(I), Lombard
margrave
and
king of Italy
(approximate date)
- Eido I
(or Agidius), German nobleman and bishop (d.
1015
)
- Ezzo
(or Ehrenfried), Count Palatine of Lotharingia (Germany) (approximate date)
- Gisela of Burgundy
, duchess of
Bavaria
(approximate date)
- Gunther of Bohemia
, German
hermit
and saint (d.
1045
)
- Lutgardis of Luxemburg
, countess of
Holland
(
Netherlands
)
- Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg
, German princess-abbess and daughter of
Otto I
(d.
999
)
- Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
("the Red") (d.
983
)
- Theophanu
, empress consort of the
Holy Roman Empire
(d.
991
)
- Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu
, king of the
Pagan dynasty
(d.
1048
)
956
957
958
959
Deaths
950
- January 15
–
Wang Jingchong
, Chinese general
- October 7
–
Li
, Chinese empress consort
- October –
Al-Qahir
, Abbasid caliph (b.
899
)
- November 22
–
Lothair II
, king of
Italy
[23]
- December 24
- Ælfric
, bishop of
Ramsbury
(approximate date)
- Al-Farabi
, Muslim
philosopher
(or
951
)
- Hywel Dda
("the Good"), king of
Wales
- Li Jinquan
, Chinese general (approximate date)
- Ricfried
, Frankish nobleman (b.
845
)
- Sunyer
, count of
Barcelona
,
Girona
and
Ausona
- Zoltan
, Grand Prince of Hungary (approximate date)
- Dharma Mahadevi
, Indian Queen Regnant
951
- January 1
–
Ramiro II
, king of
Leon
and
Galicia
- January 2
- January 25
–
Ma Xiguang
, ruler of
Chu
(
Ten Kingdoms
)
- February 24
–
Liu Yun
, Chinese governor (
jiedushi
)
- March 12
–
Ælfheah the Bald
, bishop of
Winchester
- June 7
–
Lu Wenji
, Chinese chancellor (b.
876
)
- June 8
–
Zhao Ying
, Chinese chancellor (b.
885
)
- October 7
- October 8
–
Xiao Sagezhi
, Chinese Khitan empress
- Cadwgan ab Owain
, king of
Glywysing
(
Wales
)
- Cennetig mac Lorcain
, king of
Tuadmumu
(
Ireland
)
- Gofraid mac Sitriuc
, Viking king of
Dublin
(Ireland)
- Wang Chuhui
, Chinese chief of staff (
shumishi
)
- Wang Yanzheng
, emperor of
Min
(approximate date)
952
953
date unknown
954
- January 25
–
Ashot II
, prince of
Tao-Klarjeti
(
Georgia
)
- February 22
–
Guo Wei
, emperor of the
Later Zhou
(b.
904
)
- May 21
–
Feng Dao
, Chinese prince and
chancellor
(b.
882
)
- September 10
–
Louis IV
, king of the
West Frankish Kingdom
- Abul-Aish Ahmad
, Idrisid ruler and
sultan
(
Morocco
)
- Alberic II
,
princeps
and duke of
Spoleto
(b.
912
)
- Cellachan Caisil
, king of
Munster
(
Ireland
)
- Eric I
(
Bloodaxe
), Norwegian
Viking
king
- Frederick
, archbishop (
elector
) of
Mainz
- Fujiwara no Onshi
, empress of
Japan
(b.
885
)
- Li
, Chinese empress dowager of the
Later Han
- Liu Chong
, founder of the
Northern Han
- Malcolm I
, king of Alba (Scotland)
- Nuh ibn Nasr
, Samanid
emir
955
- July 23
–
He Ning
, Chinese official and
chancellor
(b.
898
)
- August 10
- October 16
–
Stoigniew
, Obotrite prince and co-ruler
- November 1
–
Henry I, Duke of Bavaria
- November 8
–
Pope Agapetus II
,
Catholic Church
pontiff (b.
905
)
- November 23
–
Eadred
(or Edred), king of
England
(b.
923
)
- Abu 'Ali Chaghani
, ruler of
Chaghaniyan
(
Turkmenistan
)
- Bermudo Nunez
, count of
Cea
(
Spain
) (approximate date)
- Gamle Eirikssen
, Norwegian
Viking
ruler (b.
910
)
- Herve I
, count of
Mortagne and Perche
- Lehel
, Hungarian tribal chieftain (
horka
)
- Muhammad ibn Shaddad
, Shaddadid ruler
- Parantaka I
, ruler of
Chola Kingdom
(
India
)
- Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan
, Kara-Khanid ruler
956
- February 15
–
Su Yugui
, Chinese
chancellor
(b.
895
)
- February 27
–
Theophylact
, Byzantine patriarch (b.
917
)
- April 8
–
Gilbert
, duke of
Burgundy
- April 15
–
Lin Yanyu
, Chinese court official and
eunuch
- May 19
–
Robert
, archbishop of
Trier
- June 4
–
Muhammad III of Shirvan
, Muslim ruler
- June 16
–
Hugh the Great
, Frankish
nobleman
(b.
898
)
- July/August –
Fulbert of Cambrai
, bishop
[26]
- August –
Ordono III
, king of
Leon
[27]
- August 29
–
Fu
(
the Elder
), Chinese empress consort
- September/October –
Al-Masudi
, Muslim
historian
and
geographer
[28]
- December 21
–
Sun Sheng
, Chinese chancellor
- December 26
–
Wulfstan
, archbishop of
York
[29]
- date unknown
957
958
959
- July 27
–
Chai Rong
, emperor of
Later Zhou
(b.
921
)
- October 1
–
Eadwig
(
the All Fair
), king of
England
- October 3
–
Gerard of Brogne
, Frankish
abbot
- November 9
–
Constantine VII
, Byzantine emperor (b.
905
)
- Ælfsige
(or
Aelfsige
), archbishop of
Canterbury
- Chen Jue
, Chinese official and chief of staff
- Donnchadh mac Urchadh
, king of
Maigh Seola
(
Ireland
)
- Han Yanhui
, Chinese
Khitan
chancellor (b.
882
)
- Pietro III Candiano
, doge of
Venice
- Song Qiqiu
, Chinese chief
strategist
(b.
887
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Treadgold, Warren T. (1997),
A History of the Byzantine State and Society
,
Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press, p. 489,
ISBN
0-8047-2630-2
.
- ^
Bona, Istvan (2000).
The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries
. Budapest: Historia - MTA Tortenettudomanyi Intezete, p. 27.
ISBN
963-8312-67-X
.
- ^
Timothy Reuter (1999).
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III
, p. 250.
ISBN
978-0-521-36447-8
.
- ^
Timothy Reuter (1999).
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III
, p. 247.
ISBN
978-0-521-36447-8
.
- ^
Early Sources
, p. 451. The corresponding entry in the
Annals of the Four Masters
, 950, states that the Northmen were the victors, which would suggest that it should be associated with
Eric Bloodaxe
.
- ^
Vasiliev, A.A. (1968).
Byzance et les Arabes, Tome II, 1ere partie: Les relations politiques de Byzance et des Arabes a L'epoque de la dynastie macedonienne (867?959)
. Brussels: Editions de l'Institut de Philologie et d'Histoire Orientales.
- ^
Bona, Istvan (2000).
The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries.
Budapest: Historia - MTA Tortenettudomanyi Intezete, pp. 51-52.
ISBN
963-8312-67-X
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- ^
Ballan, Mohammad (2010). Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence. Comitatus: A journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Volume 41, 2010, p. 31.
- ^
The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916?966
, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 60.
- ^
Timothy Reuter (1999).
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III
, p. 247.
ISBN
978-0-521-36447-8
.
- ^
Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
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.
ISBN
978-0-304-35730-7
.
- ^
Bona, Istvan (2000).
The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries.
Budapest: Historia - MTA Tortenettudomanyi Intezete, p. 54.
ISBN
963-8312-67-X
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- ^
Timothy Reuter (1999).
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III
, p. 248.
ISBN
978-0-521-36447-8
.
- ^
Gilbert Meynier (2010).
L'Algerie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)
. Paris: La Decouverte; p.28.
- ^
Timothy Reuter (1999).
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III
, p. 591.
ISBN
978-0-521-36447-8
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Timothy Reuter (1999).
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III
, p. 386.
ISBN
978-0-521-36447-8
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Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Dunstan"
Catholic Encyclopedia
. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Dunstan"
Catholic Encyclopedia
. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^
Antonopoulos, 1980
- ^
Shepard, Jonathan (2010).
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 3
, pp.151?152. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ISBN
978-0-19-533403-6
.
- ^
Gilbert Meynier (2010)
L'Algerie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)
. Paris: La Decouverte; p. 42.
- ^
Bona, Istva (2000).
The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries
. Budapest: Historia - MTA Tortenettudomanyi Intezete, p. 33.
ISBN
963-8312-67-X
.
- ^
"Lothar | king of Italy"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
28 October
2020
.
- ^
Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011).
The Oxford companion to Scottish history
. Oxford University Press. p. 106.
ISBN
9780199693054
.
- ^
John M. Douglas (1992).
The Armenians
. J.J. Winthrop Corporation. p. 175.
ISBN
978-0-9631381-0-1
.
- ^
H. Platelle, "Fulbert, eveque de Cambrai",
Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclesiastiques
, vol. 19 (Paris, 1981), 332-333.
- ^
H. E. L. Mellersh; Neville Williams (1999).
Chronology of World History
. ABC-CLIO. p. 276.
ISBN
978-1-57607-155-7
.
- ^
Encyclopedia of World Biography
. Gale Research. 1998. p.
329
.
ISBN
978-0-7876-2550-4
.
- ^
E. B. Pryde; D. E. Greenway; S. Porter; I. Roy (23 February 1996).
Handbook of British Chronology
. Cambridge University Press. p. 224.
ISBN
978-0-521-56350-5
.
- ^
Ibr?h?m ibn Hil?l ??b? (1995).
Kit?b at-T?j? of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin al Katib as-Sabi
. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202.
- ^
Andre Vauchez; Michael Lapidge (2000).
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J
. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Incorporated. p. 254.
ISBN
9781579582821
.
- ^
La
Chronique de Nantes
pages 109-110 indique qu’il aurait ete ebouillante dans son bain par sa nourrice sur ordre de Foulque II d'Anjou
- ^
"The Royal Lineage"
.
The Danish Monarchy
. 6 July 2015. Archived from
the original
on 6 July 2015
. Retrieved
27 May
2019
.