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Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1785
.
1785
(
MDCCLXXXV
) was a
common year starting on Saturday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
common year starting on Wednesday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1785th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 785th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 85th year of the
18th century
, and the 6th year of the
1780s
decade. As of the start of 1785, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 1
- January 7
– Frenchman
Jean-Pierre Blanchard
and American
John Jeffries
travel from
Dover
, England to
Calais
, France in a hydrogen gas
balloon
, becoming the first to cross the
English Channel
by air.
- January 11
–
Richard Henry Lee
is elected as President of the U.S. Congress of the Confederation.
[1]
- January 20
–
Battle of R?ch G?m-Xoai Mut
: Invading
Siamese
forces, attempting to exploit the political chaos in
Vietnam
, are ambushed and annihilated at the
Mekong
River, by the
Tay S?n
.
- January 27
– The
University of Georgia
in the United States is chartered by the
Georgia General Assembly
meeting in
Savannah
. The first students are admitted in
Athens, Georgia
in 1801.
- February 9
– Sir
Warren Hastings
, who has been governing
India
on behalf of King George III as the Governor-General of the
Presidency of Fort William
(later
British India
), resigns.
Sir John Macpherson
administers British India until
General Charles Cornwallis
arrives 19 months later.
[2]
- February 27
– The Confederation Congress votes an $80,000 expense to establish diplomatic relations with
Morocco
.
[3]
- March 7
– Scottish geologist
James Hutton
first presents his landmark work,
Theory of the Earth
; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe
to the
Royal Society of Edinburgh
.
[4]
- General
Henry Knox
is appointed as the Confederation Congress's Secretary of War, with added duties as the Secretary of Navy, both functions now of the U.S. Department of Defense.
[1]
- March 10
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 19
– The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts
cedes all of its claims
to territory west of New York State to the United States Confederation Congress. The area will become the southern portions of Michigan and Wisconsin.
[6]
[1]
- April 21
– The Empress
Catherine the Great
of the
Russian Empire
issues the Charter to the Towns, providing for "a coherent, unified system of administration" for new governments organized in Russia.
- April 26
–
John Adams
is appointed as the U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom, and
Thomas Jefferson
as ambassador to France.
[7]
- April 28
– Astronomer
William Herschel
begins his second series of surveys of the stars, published in 1789.
[8]
- May 10
– A
hot air balloon
crashes in
Tullamore
, Ireland, causing a fire that burns down about 100 houses, making it the world's first
aviation disaster
(by 36 days).
[9]
- May 20
– The
Northwest Ordinance of 1785
, setting the rules for dividing the U.S.
Northwest Territory
(later Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan) into townships of 36 square miles apiece, is passed by the Confederation Congress. Walter G. Robillard and Lane J. Bouman,
Clark on Surveying and Boundaries
(LexisNexis, 1997) The survey system will later be applied to the continent west of the Mississippi River.
[1]
- June 3
– The
Continental Navy
is disbanded.
- June 15
– After several attempts,
Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier
and his companion, Pierre Romain, set off in a balloon from
Boulogne-sur-Mer
, but the balloon suddenly deflates (without the envelope catching fire) and crashes near
Wimereux
in the Pas-de-Calais, killing both men, making it the first fatal aviation disaster.
July–September
[
edit
]
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 5
–
Vincenzo Lunardi
of Italy becomes the first person to pilot a balloon over
Scotland
.
[14]
- October 13
- The first newspaper in British India, the English-language
Madras Courier
, is published. It continues publication as a weekly until 1794.
[15]
- France
mints new
Louis d'or
coins, with the image of
King Louis XVI
on the obverse, and one-sixth less gold than the coins with King Louis XV's image.
[16]
- October 17
– The Commonwealth of Virginia stops the importation of new African slaves by declaring that "No persons shall henceforth be slaves within this commonwealth, except such as were so on the seventeenth day of October, 1785, and the descendants of the females of them."
[17]
- October 18
–
Benjamin Franklin
takes office as the new
President of the Supreme Council of Pennsylvania
, at the time the equivalent of a republic as one of the 13 independent governments of the United States of America under the
Articles of Confederation
.
[13]
- November 23
–
John Hancock
of Massachusetts, the former President of the Continental Congress, is selected as the new President of the Congress of the Confederation, but is unable to take office because of illness.
[1]
- November 28
– The
Treaty of Hopewell
is signed between the United States of America and the
Cherokee Nation
.
- December 11
– An edict is issued limiting
Masonic lodges
throughout the
Holy Roman Empire
by
Emperor Joseph II
. With the exception of
Vienna
,
Budapest
and
Prague
, no Empire province may have more than one lodge.
[18]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
- Charles Adams, John Adams’ son and John Quincy Adams's brother enters Harvard in August, at age 15. A few months later, he starts to drink often and would get into trouble, and was almost expelled from Harvard when he was caught running naked through the Campus while drunk with other boys.
Births
[
edit
]
- January 4
- January 15
–
William Prout
English chemist, physician, and natural theologian (d.
1850
)
- January 20
–
Theodor Grotthuss
, German-Lithuanian chemist (d.
1822
)
- February 8
–
Martin Miguel de Guemes
Argentine military leader (d.
1821
)
- February 10
–
Claude-Louis Navier
, French engineer, physicist (d.
1836
)
- February 26
–
Anna Sundstrom
, Swedish
chemist
(d.
1871
)
- March 11
- March 17
–
Ellen Hutchins
, Irish botanist (d.
1815
)
- March 27
–
Louis XVII of France
(d.
1795
)
- April 4
–
Bettina von Arnim
, German poet (d.
1859
)
- April 26
–
John James Audubon
, French-American naturalist, illustrator (d.
1851
)
- April 29
–
Karl Drais
, German inventor, creator of a precursor to the bicycle (d.
1851
)
- May 18
–
John Wilson
, Scottish writer (d.
1854
)
- May 20
–
Marcellin Champagnat
, French Catholic saint (d.
1840
)
- May 22
–
John Hindmarsh
, English naval officer, first Governor of South Australia (d.
1860
)
- July 6
–
William Jackson Hooker
, English botanist (d.
1865
)
- July 20
–
Mahmud II
, Ottoman sultan (d.
1839
)
- August 15
–
Thomas de Quincey
, English writer (d.
1859
)
- August 23
–
Oliver Hazard Perry
, American naval officer (d.
1819
)
- August 27
–
Agustin Gamarra
, Peruvian general and politician, 10th and 14th President of Peru (d.
1841
)
- September 27
–
David Walker
, African-American abolitionist (d.
1830
)
- October 15
–
Jose Miguel Carrera
, Chilean general, founding father (d.
1821
)
- October 17
–
Gunatitanand Swami
, born Mulji Sharma, Indian paramahamsa of the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampraday sect (d.
1867
)
- October 18
–
Thomas Love Peacock
, English satirist (d.
1866
)
- October 20
–
George Ormerod
, English historian and antiquarian (d.
1873
)
- November 11
–
Diponegoro
, Javanese Prince (d.
1855
)
- November 18
–
David Wilkie
, Scottish painter (d.
1841
)
- November 21
–
William Beaumont
, American physician and surgeon (d.
1853
)
- November 28
–
Victor de Broglie
, Prime Minister of France (d.
1870
)
- December 17
–
Dorothea Lieven
, Latvian diplomat, politically active princess (d.
1857
)
- December 23
–
Christian Gobrecht
, American engraver, designer of the
United States Seated Liberty coinage
(d.
1844
)
- December 26
–
Etienne Constantin de Gerlache
, 1st Prime Minister of Belgium (d.
1871
)
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 3
–
Baldassare Galuppi
, Italian composer (b.
1706
)
[19]
- January 6
–
Haym Salomon
, Polish-Jewish American financier of the
American Revolution
(b.
1740
)
- January 19
–
Jonathan Toup
, English classical scholar, critic (b.
1713
)
- January 23
–
Matthew Stewart
, Scottish mathematician (b.
1717
)
- February 24
–
Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 7th Baronet
(b.
1722
)
- February 26
–
Barbara Erni
, Liechtenstein confidence trickster (b.
1743
)
- March 14
–
Giovanni Battista Locatelli
, Italian opera director (b.
1713
)
- April 14
–
William Whitehead
, English writer (b.
1715
)
- April 26
–
Johan Samuel Augustin
, German-Danish astronomical writer, civil servant (b.
1715
)
- May 8
- June 2
- June 30
–
James Oglethorpe
, English general, founder of the state of Georgia (b.
1696
)
- July 5
–
Anne Poulett
, British politician (b.
1711
)
- July 6
–
Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg
(b.
1711
)
- July 9
–
William Strahan
, British politician (b.
1715
)
- July 12
–
Louis-Rene de Caradeuc de La Chalotais
, French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair" (b.
1701
)
- July 13
–
Stephen Hopkins
, Founding Father of the United States (b.
1707
)
- July 17
–
Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland
, British duchess (b.
1715
)
- August 17
–
Jonathan Trumbull
, Governor of the Colony and the state of Connecticut (b.
1710
)
- August 26
–
George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville
, British soldier, politician (b.
1716
)
- August 28
–
Jean-Baptiste Pigalle
, French sculptor (b.
1714
)
- August 31
–
Pietro Chiari
, Italian playwright (b.
1712
)
- September 19
–
Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
, Queen consort of Sardinia (b.
1729
)
- September 30
–
Johann Jakob Moser
, German jurist (b.
1701
)
- October 4
- November 13
–
Joaquin Ibarra
, Spanish printer (b.
1725
)
- November 15
–
Cesar Gabriel de Choiseul
, French officer (b.
1712
)
- November 18
–
Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orleans
, French soldier, writer (b.
1725
)
- November 19
–
Bernard de Bury
, French composer (b.
1720
)
- November 20
–
James Wright
, Governor of Georgia (b.
1716
)
- November 25
–
Richard Glover
, English poet (b.
1712
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909
, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p167
- ^
G.S.Chhabra,
Advance Study in the History of Modern India
, Volume-1: 1707-1803 (Lotus Press, 2005) p282
- ^
The Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States of America: From the Signing of the Definitive Treaty of Peace, September 10, 1783 to the Adoption of the Constitution, March 4, 1789
, Volume II (Blair & Rives, 1837) p365
- ^
Jill Schneiderman,
The Earth Around Us: Maintaining A Livable Planet
(Henry Holt and Company, 2000) p24
- ^
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents
, Part 1 (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1850) p535
- ^
The United States: Its Beginnings, Progress and Modern Development
, Volume 3, ed. by Edwin Wiley and Irving E. Rines (American Educational Alliance, 1912) p384
- ^
Robert V. Remini,
John Quincy Adams: 6th President, 1825-1829
(Times Books, 2014) p17
- ^
Stephen James O'Meara,
Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects
(Cambridge University Press, 2016) p534
- ^
Byrne, Michael (January 9, 2007).
"The Tullamore Balloon Fire - First Air Disaster in History"
.
Tullamore History
. Offaly Historical & Archaeological Society. Archived from
the original
on March 26, 2012
. Retrieved
2012-08-21
.
- ^
David C. Harper, ed.,
2011 North American Coins and Prices
(Krause Publications, 2010) p9
- ^
"The Role of Political Revolution in the Theory of International Law", by Theodor Schweisfurth, in
The Structure and Process of International Law: Essays in Legal Philosophy, Doctrine and Theory
, ed. by R. St.J. Macdonald and Douglas M. Johnston (Martinus Nijhoff, 1986) p913
- ^
Lawrence Lewis,
A History of the Bank of North America, the First Bank Chartered in the United States" (J.B. Lippincott & Company, 1882) p54
- ^
a
b
Paul Zall,
Benjamin Franklin's Humor
(University Press of Kentucky, 2005) p153
- ^
"On Air Balloons" (
Mechanics Magazine
, June 17, 1826) p102
- ^
Henry Davison Love, ed.,
Indian Records Series: Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800
(Mittal Publications, p440
- ^
Jean-Baptise Say,
A Treatise on Political Economy
(Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2008) p254
- ^
W. E. B. Du Bois,
The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade
(Wilberforce University, 1896, reprinted by Oxford University Press, 2014) p xxv
- ^
Jasper Ridley,
The Freemasons: A History of the World's Most Powerful Secret Society
(Skyhorse Publishing, 2011)
- ^
Arnold, Denis.
"Galuppi's Religious Music"
,
The Musical Times
, 1 January 1985, pp. 45?47 and 49?50
(subscription required)
- ^
Don Michael Randel, ed. (1996).
The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p.
392
.
ISBN
9780674372993
.
Homilius, Gottfried August
- ^
Kalman Burnim; Edward A. Langhans; Philip H. Highfill (1975).
A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800
. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 357.
Further reading
[
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]