From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
1744
(
MDCCXLIV
) was a
leap year starting on Wednesday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
leap year starting on Sunday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1744th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 744th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 44th year of the
18th century
, and the 5th year of the
1740s
decade. As of the start of 1744, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1744
.
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
April–June
[
edit
]
- April
–
The Female Spectator
(a monthly) is founded by
Eliza Haywood
in England, the first periodical written for women by a woman.
- April 2
– The first Rules of
golf
are drawn up at
Leith
, for the first golf competition.
[1]
[2]
- April 27
–
Siege of Villafranca (1744)
: A joint French and Spanish force defeats Britain and Sardinia.
- May 11
–
Russia
's treasury begins an effort to reduce the number of copper five-kopeck pieces (20 of which equal a
Russian ruble
) by declaring that it will buy them back at a ruble for every 20 until August 1, after which kopecks would be redeemed at a ruble for every 25; then at the rate of 33 for a ruble on October 1, and 50 for a ruble on and after August 28, 1746.
[3]
- May 22
– The Union of Germany is proclaimed in Frankfurt
Frederick II of Prussia
, as articles of union are signed between
Prussia
,
Hesse-Kassel
and the
Rhineland Palatinate
.
[4]
- May 24
– After receiving the news from Europe that Great Britain and France are at war, the French Army at
Louisbourg
attacks the British settlement
at
Fort William Augustus
at
Canso, Nova Scotia
and forces its surrender.
[5]
- June 13
–
Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
is named as the new
Chancellor of the Russian Empire
by the
Empress Elizabeth
.
[6]
- June 15
– Commodore
George Anson's voyage around the world
concludes after four years as
HMS
Centurion
returns to England at
Spithead
and Anson is greeted as a hero.
[7]
- June 28
– At the age of 15, Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the future Empress of Russia, is received into the
Russian Orthodox Church
after converting from
the Lutheran faith
. Upon her conversion to the Russian Orthodox religion, she is given the name Yekaterina (Catherine). In 1762, she takes the throne as the Empress Catherine II, later known as
Catherine the Great
.
July–September
[
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]
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 4
– In one of the greatest disasters for the
Royal Navy
,
HMS
Victory
sinks in a storm in the English Channel, killing 1,100 sailors and officers it had been bringing back from Gibraltar to England, including Admiral
John Balchen
.
[8]
The wreck will be located 264 years later, in January, 2009.
[9]
- October 12
– The creator of
binomial nomenclature
for the identification of plant and animal species,
Carl Linnaeus
, is selected as president of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Science
, succeeding the late
Anders Celsius
, who had devised the centigrade measurement of temperature.
[10]
- October 19
–
William Shirley
, the British colonial Governor of the
Province of Massachusetts Bay
, announces the declaration of war against the
Mi?kmaq
and
Maliseet
Indian tribes.
[11]
- October 25
- November 1
–
Second Silesian War
: The Prussian Army, under the command of Field Marshal
Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin
, begins the bombardment of
Prague
. The Bohemian capital surrenders after two weeks.
[14]
- December 18
– Queen
Maria Theresa
of
Austria
issues a proclamation to rid
Bohemia
of its Jewish residents, with the
Jews
to leave Prague over the next two weeks, and then to depart from Bohemia entirely in 1745.
[15]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
- February 6
–
Pierre-Joseph Desault
, French anatomist and surgeon (d.
1795
)
- February 23
–
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
, German banker, founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty (d.
1812
)
- May 19
–
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
, queen of
George III of Great Britain
(d.
1818
)
- May 21
–
Samuel Ireland
, British author and engraver (d.
1800
)
- May 31
–
Richard Lovell Edgeworth
, Anglo-Irish politician, writer and inventor (d.
1817
)
- July 20
–
Joshua Clayton
, American politician (d.
1798
)
- August 1
–
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
, French naturalist (d.
1829
)
- August 16
–
Pierre Mechain
, French astronomer (d.
1804
)
- August 25
–
Johann Gottfried Herder
, German writer (d.
1803
)
- September 25
– King
Frederick William II of Prussia
(d.
1797
)
- date unknown
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 11
–
James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn
(b.
1686
)
- January 22
–
Pierre Lepature
, French artist (b.
1659
)
- January 23
–
Giambattista Vico
, Italian philosopher and historian (b.
1668
)
- January 26
–
Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhuller
, Austrian field marshal (b.
1683
)
- February 11
–
Hedvig Taube
, mistress to King
Frederick I of Sweden
(b.
1714
)
- February 14
–
John Hadley
, English mathematician (b.
1682
)
- March 3
–
Jean Barbeyrac
, French jurist (b.
1674
)
- March 4
–
John Anstis
, English herald (b.
1669
)
- April 25
–
Anders Celsius
, Swedish astronomer (b.
1701
)
- May 25
–
Charles Edzard, Prince of East Frisia
(b.
1716
)
- May 30
–
Alexander Pope
, English writer (b.
1688
)
- June 29
- June 30
–
Januarius Maria Sarnelli
, Italian
Roman Catholic
priest and blessed (b.
1702
)
- July
–
Mihai Racovi??
, Prince of Moldavia and Prince of Wallachia (b. c.
1660
)
- August 9
–
James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos
, English patron of the arts (b.
1673
)
- August 13
–
John Cruger
, Dutch-born Mayor of New York (b.
1678
)
- August 26
–
William Byrd II
, prominent planter from Virginia (b.
1674
)
- September 28
– Princess
Therese of France
, daughter of
Louis XV of France
(b.
1736
)
- October 10
–
Johann Heinrich Schulze
, German professor and polymath (b.
1687
)
- October 18
–
Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
, English friend of
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
(b.
1660
)
- October 31
–
Leonardo Leo
, Italian composer (b.
1694
)
- December 8
–
Marie Anne de Mailly-Nesle
, French mistress of King Louis XV (b.
1717
)
- December 23
–
Elisabeth Charlotte d'Orleans
, duchess and regent of Lorraine (b.
1676
)
- date unknown
–
Catherine Jeremie
, French-Canadian botanist (b.
1644
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Rules of Golf 1744 Scottish Golf History accessed 10 Feb 2017
http://www.scottishgolfhistory.org/origin-of-golf-terms/rules-of-golf/
- ^
Instructions, golf club rules and competitions History of Golf accessed 10 Feb 2017
History of golf
- ^
"Banking in the Russian Empire", by Antoine E. Horn, in A History of Banking in All the Leading Nations (Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 1896) pp342-343
- ^
Martin Philippson, The Age of the European Balance of Power, translated by John Henry Wright (Lea Brothers & Company, 1905) p267
- ^
"Canso, Battle of (1744)", by John D. Hamilton, in Colonial Wars of North America, 1512-1763: An Encyclopedia, ed. by Alan Gallay (Routledge, 2015) p100
- ^
John T. Alexander, Catherine the Great: Life and Legend (Oxford University Press, 1989) pp27-28
- ^
"Anson, George", by Joseph A. Devine, Jr., in Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, ed. by James S. Olson and Robert Shadle (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996) p68
- ^
Stewart Gordon, A History of the World in Sixteen Shipwrecks (ForeEdge, University Press of New England, 2015) p.140
- ^
"Legendary British warship 'found'", BBC News, February 1, 2009
- ^
Florence Caddy,
Through the Fields with Linnaeus: A Chapter in Swedish History
(Little, Brown, and Company, 1886) p159
- ^
Frederic J. Baumgartner,
Declaring War in Early Modern Europe
(Springer, 2011) p149
- ^
Geoffrey Plank, An Unsettled Conquest: The British Campaign Against the Peoples of Acadia (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018) p110
- ^
Robert Whitaker, The Mapmaker's Wife: A True Tale Of Love, Murder, And Survival In The Amazon (Basic Books, 2004) p197
- ^
Peter Demetz, Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City (Macmillan, 1998) p243
- ^
Selma Stern,
The Court Jew - A Contribution to the History of the Period of Absolutism in Central Europe
(Read Books, 2011)