From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
1583
(
MDLXXXIII
) was a
common year starting on Saturday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
common year starting on Tuesday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1583rd year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 583rd year of the
2nd millennium
, the 83rd year of the
16th century
, and the 4th year of the
1580s
decade. As of the start of 1583, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 9
– A Burmese Army force of 16,000 men, commanded by Thado Dhamma Yaza II of Prome and Nawrahta Minsaw of Lan Na to suppress the rebellious of the Shan States in the modern-day
Yunnan
province of China, is welcomed by King
Nanda Bayin
at the royal capital,
Pegu
, after a successful punitive expedition. The commanders bring with them the rebel chief from the Sanda state.
[4]
- April 19
– Queen Elizabeth dissolves the
English Parliament
which had been convened in 1572 but last met in 1581.
[5]
- April 23
- April 25
– In a clash between a 50,000-man Persian Empire force and the Ottoman Empire for control of the
Caucasus
region in modern-day Russia, the Ottomans are routed.
[7]
- May 11
– In modern-day Russia, on the
Caspian Sea
, the three-day "
Battle of Torches
" ends as
Ottoman Empire troops defeat forces of the Perisan Empire
.
[8]
- May 21
–
Battle of Shizugatake
in
Japan
:
Shibata Katsuie
is defeated by
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
, who goes on to commence construction of
Osaka Castle
.
[9]
- May 22
–
Ernest of Bavaria
is elected as
Roman Catholic
Archbishop of Cologne
, in opposition to
Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg
. The opposition rapidly turns into armed struggle, the
Cologne War
within the
Electorate of Cologne
, beginning with the
Destruction of the Oberstift
.
- May 28
– The first installment of the translation by
Jurij Dalmatin
of the
Bible
into the
Slovene language
,
Bibilija, tu je vse svetu pismu stariga inu noviga testamenta
(The Bible, featuring the complete Old and New Testaments), is published in
Wittenberg
.
[10]
- June 17
– Spanish troops under the command of
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
overwhelm a combined army of Dutch, French and English soldiers at the
Battle of Steenbergen
in the modern-day Netherlands. The multinational force sustains 3,200 people killed or wounded.
[11]
- June 18
– In England, the first known
life insurance
policy is issued. The Royal Exchange of London accepts a premium from William Gibbons, agreeing to pay a group of 30 beneficiaries a total of £383, 6s. 8d if he dies on or before June 17, 1584. Gibbons dies on May 29, 1584, and the Royal Exchange refuses to pay until a court rejects the insurer's argument that a month is actually four weeks or 28 days.
[12]
- June 27
– Ten months after being taken hostage on August 23, 1582 in the
Raid of Ruthven
, the 17-year-old
King James VI of Scotland
is able to escape Falkland Prison and flees to safety in St. Andrews.
[13]
[14]
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 25
–
Cuncolim Revolt
: The first documented battle of
India
's independence against a European colonial ruler is fought by the
Desai
s of
Cuncolim
in
Goa
, against the
Portuguese
.
- August 5
– Sir
Humphrey Gilbert
, on the site of the modern-day city of
St. John's
, claims the island of
Newfoundland
on behalf of
England
, marking the beginning of the
British Empire
.
- August 19
–
Petru Cercel
enters
Bucharest
, and becomes
Prince
of
Wallachia
.
- August 29
–
English ship
Delight
, with Humphrey Gilbert's expedition, becomes the first of over 350 ships over time to run aground and be wrecked on
Sable Island
in the North Atlantic.
[15]
- September 4
– King James VI of Scotland orders a gift to
Colonel William Stewart
in recognition of Stewart's rescue of the King from prison. Colonel Stewart is presented with some of the
jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots
(the King's mother).
[16]
- September 9
–
English ship
Squirrel
, the flagship of explorer, Sir
Humphrey Gilbert
, sinks in a storm with all hands along with all but one of Gilbert's colonial expedition.
[17]
Gilbert and his men had been returning from North America after claiming
Newfoundland
in the name of Queen Elizabeth.
[18]
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 14
– In
Scotland
, the
University of Edinburgh
holds its first classes, accepting more than 80 students as "Tounis College".
[19]
In continuous operation for more than 440 years, the University will have more than 41,000 students.
[20]
- October 16
– King
Philip II of Spain
orders the transfer of
Abada
the
rhinoceros
from the
Casa de Campo
public park of Madrid, to the
menagerie
at his residence at
El Escorial
.
[21]
- October 17
–
Peter the Lame
becomes Prince of Moldavia (in modern-day Romania) for the third and last time, reigning until 1591.
[22]
- October 18
– In South America, the
Third Council of Lima
comes to an end after two months after being convened to provide a consistent doctrine for the Roman Catholic Church in the
Viceroyalty of Peru
. Among other things, the Council approves the treatment of the native population "not like slaves but as free men" as part of evangelism and conversion to Christianity, as well as the use of the
Quechua language
and the
Aymara language
to spread the gospel. The use of
Spanish
is ordered for church services, and
Latin
is forbidden.
- October 24
–
Jan van Hembyze
becomes the last leader of the
Calvinist Republic of Ghent
after a coup d'etat against the ruling Count of Flanders.
[23]
Hembyze's action leads days later to the
siege of Ghent
by Spanish General
Alexander Farnese
.
- November 4
- November 5
–
Willem IV van den Bergh
, the Stadtholder of Guelders for the
Dutch Republic
is arrested along with his family and charged with treason on suspicion of having allowed the Spanish Army to seize
Zutphen
.
[25]
Imprisoned for five months, he is released in March after promising to retire from public service.
[26]
- November 13
– In
India
, the city of
Allahabad
(modern-day Prayagraj in the state of
Uttar Pradesh
) is founded as a strategic fortress by
Akbar
, Emperor of the
Mughal Empire
.Surendra Nath Sinha (1974).
[27]
- November 24
–
Philippe Hurault de Cheverny
is appointed as the new
Chief Minister of France
by
King Henri III
upon the death of
Rene de Birague
, who had governed for nine years. Hurault will serve until 1589.
- December 17
–
Cologne War
: The
Siege of Godesberg
(begun on
November 18
) concludes when
Catholic
forces under Prince-elector-archbishop
Ernest of Bavaria
capture the strategic position, from defenders of the
Calvinist
convert
Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg
.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
- January 8
–
Simon Episcopius
, Dutch theologian (d.
1643
)
- January 12
–
Niccolo Alamanni
, Greek-born Roman antiquarian (d.
1626
)
- January 31
–
Peter Bulkley
, English and later American Puritan (d.
1659
)
- February 4
–
John Ley
, English priest (d.
1662
)
- February 17
–
Johann Heinrich Alting
, German Lutheran theologian (d.
1644
)
- February 23
–
Jean-Baptiste Morin
, French mathematician (d.
1656
)
- March 3
–
Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury
, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d.
1648
)
[29]
- April 4
–
Franciscus Quaresmius
, Italian writer and orientalist (d.
1650
)
- April 8
–
Nikolaus, Count Esterhazy
, Hungarian noble (d.
1645
)
- April 10
–
Hugo Grotius
, Dutch philosopher and writer (d.
1645
)
[30]
- May 1
–
Orazio Grassi
, Italian Jesuit priest, architect and scientist (d.
1654
)
- May 10
–
Fernando Afan de Ribera, duke of Alcala de los Gazules
, Spanish diplomat (d.
1637
)
- May 26
–
Susanna Hall
, Daughter of William Shakespeare (d.
1649
)
- June 16
–
Axel Oxenstierna
, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d.
1654
)
- June 20
–
Jacob De la Gardie
, Swedish soldier and statesman (d.
1652
)
- June 22
–
Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
(1603?1625) (d.
1625
)
- June 27
–
Christopher von Dohna
, German politician and scholar (d.
1637
)
- July 2
–
Dodo Knyphausen
, German soldier (d.
1636
)
- July 9
–
John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein
, Danish prince (d.
1602
)
- July 20
–
Alban Roe
, English Benedictine martyr (d.
1642
)
- July 22
–
Jacobus Trigland
, Dutch theologian (d.
1654
)
- August 19
–
Dai?an
, Manchu politician (d.
1648
)
- August 21
- August 26
–
Adam, Count of Schwarzenberg
, German politician (d.
1641
)
- August 31
–
Richard Harrison
, English politician (d.
1655
)
- September 23
–
Christian II, Elector of Saxony
from 1591 to 1611 (d.
1611
)
- September 24
–
Albrecht von Wallenstein
, Austrian general (d.
1634
)
- September 29
–
John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen
(1623?1638) (d.
1638
)
- September –
Girolamo Frescobaldi
, Italian composer (d.
1643
)
[31]
- October 22
–
Laurens Reael
, Dutch admiral (d.
1637
)
- November 10
–
Anthony Gunther, Count of Oldenburg
(d.
1667
)
- November 15
–
Theophile Raynaud
, French theologian (d.
1663
)
- November 17
–
Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria
, Austrian archduke (d.
1616
)
- November 24
–
Juan Martinez de Jauregui y Aguilar
, Spanish poet (d.
1641
)
- December 25
–
Orlando Gibbons
, English composer (d.
1625
)
[32]
- date unknown
- probable
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 7
–
Maria of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania
(b.
1515
)
- January 22
–
Antoinette de Bourbon
, French noblewoman (b.
1493
)
- January 28
–
Pier Francesco Orsini
, Italian condottiero and art patron (b.
1523
)
- February 27
–
Richard Madox
, English explorer (b.
1546
)
- March 24
–
Hubert Goltzius
, Dutch Renaissance painter-engraver (b.
1526
)
- March 28
– King
Magnus of Livonia
(b.
1540
)
- April
–
Lucas David
, Prussian historian (b.
1503
)
- April 17
–
Ogasawara Nagatoki
, Japanese daimy? (b.
1519
)
- May 6
–
Zacharias Ursinus
, German theologian (b.
1534
)
- May 23
–
Gunther XLI, Count of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt
(b.
1529
)
- June 6
–
Nakagawa Kiyohide
, Japanese military commander (b.
1556
)
- June 9
–
Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex
, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b.
1525
)
- June 14
–
Shibata Katsuie
, Japanese military commander (b.
1522
)
- June
–
Babullah of Ternate
,
Sultan of Ternate
(b.
1528
)
- July 1
–
Sakuma Morimasa
, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded) (b.
1554
)
- July 6
–
Edmund Grindal
,
Archbishop of Canterbury
(b.
1519
)
- August 22
–
Marcantonio Maffei
, Italian archbishop and cardinal (b.
1521
)
- September 9
–
Humphrey Gilbert
, English explorer (b. c.
1537
)
- September 16
–
Catherine Jagiellon
, queen of
John III of Sweden
(b.
1526
)
- September 27
–
Elisabeth Plainacher
, Austrian alleged witch (b.
1513
)
- October 22
–
Louis VI, Elector Palatine
(b.
1539
)
- November 11
–
Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond
, Irish rebel (b. c.
1533
)
- November 24
–
Rene de Birague
, French cardinal and chancellor (b.
1506
)
- December 16
–
Ivan Fyodorov
, Russian printer
- December 23
–
Nicolas Factor
, Spanish artist (b.
1520
)
- December 31
–
Thomas Erastus
, Swiss theologian (b.
1524
)
- date unknown
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Giuseppe Giudice.
"The adoption of the Gregorian calendar"
. Giuseppe Giudice's website
. Retrieved
26 December
2022
.
- ^
a
b
Mack P. Holt,
The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle During the Wars of Religion
(Cambridge University Press, 2002) p.190
- ^
E. K. Chambers,
The Elizabethan Stage
, Vol. 2 (Clarendon Press, 1923) p. 104
- ^
U Kala, [1724].
Maha Yazawin
(in Burmese), Volume 3 (1724), (reprinted by Ya-Pyei Publishing, 2006) p.78
- ^
"4th Parliament of Elizabeth I"
, "The History of Parliament" online (The History of Parliament Trust, 2020)
- ^
Gary M. Bell,
A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688
(Cambridge University Press, 1995) p.194
- ^
Joseph von Hammer,
Osmanli Tarihi
, Volume II (Milliyet yayınları, 2016) p 100
- ^
Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1995).
The Encyclopaedia of Islam
. Brill. p. 184.
ISBN
978-90-04-09834-3
. Retrieved
6 March
2024
.
- ^
James Murdoch (1964).
A History of Japan: During the century of early foreign intercourse (1542-1651)
. F. Ungar Publishing Company. p. 193.
- ^
"Dalmatin, Georg", by Ludwig Theodor Elze, in
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
, vol. 4 (Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1876), pp. 712?713
- ^
James Tracy,
The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572?1588
(Oxford University Press, 2008) p.216.
- ^
"Insurance", by Charlton Lewis and Thomas Ingram, in
Encyclopædia Britannica
, 11th edition, Vol. 14 (Cambridge University Press, 1911) pp. 657?658
- ^
"Scotland", in
The Manual of Dates a Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records
, ed. by George H. Townsend (Frederick Warne & Company, 1867) p. 886
- ^
"Ruthven, William", by T. F. Henderson, in
Dictionary of National Biography
, Volume 50 (Smith, Elder, & Co., 1897)
- ^
"HMS Delight ? 1583"
. Maritime Museum of the Atlantic
. Retrieved
2022-01-22
.
- ^
Thomas Thomson,
Collection of Inventories
(Record Commission of Great Britain, 1815), pp. 307-309
- ^
"Fairfax Eighth Eclogue", by W. W. Greg,
Modern Language Quarterly
(July 1901).
- ^
E. Hepple Hall, "Newfoundland: Past, Present and Future", in
The Journal of the Society of Arts
(February 1882)
- ^
"The Foundation of the College of Edinburgh", by Robert Kerr Hannay, in
The History of the University of Edinburgh 1883-1933
, ed. by A. Logan Turner (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1933), pp. 1-16.
- ^
University of Edinburgh website
- ^
Henry Kamen,
Philip of Spain
(Yale University Press, 1999) p.400
- ^
Constantin Rezachevici,
Cronologia critic? a domnilor din ?ara Romaneasc? ?i Moldova, a. 1324?1881
("Critical timeline of the gentlemen of Wallachia and Moldavia, 1324-1881"), Volume 1 (Editura Enciclopedic?, 2001) p.432
- ^
Bart Vander Schelden,
De Gentse stadsmagistraat tijdens de calvinistische Republiek (1577-1584)
("The Ghent city magistrate during the Calvinist Republic (1577-1584)"
- ^
N. M. Sutherland,
Henry IV of France and the Politics of Religion: 1572 - 1596
(Elm Bank Publishing, 2002) p.54
- ^
Petrus Johannes Blok,
History of the People of the Netherlands: The War with Spain
(Putnam's Sons, 1900) p.170
- ^
Sergio Buonadonna,
Rosso Doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797
("Red Doge: The Doges of the Republic of Genoa from 1339 to 1797) (De Ferrari, 2007)
- ^
Jamia Millia Islamia,
Subah of Allahabad under the Great Mughals, 1580-1707
(Jamia Millia Islamia, 1974) p.85
- ^
"
The London Charles Dickens Knew
Archived
April 25, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine
", walksoflondon.co.uk.
- ^
A History of English Philosophy
. CUP Archive. 1994. p. 35.
- ^
Christian Gellinek (1983).
Hugo Grotius
. Twayne Publishers. p. 1.
ISBN
978-0-8057-6525-0
.
- ^
Sandy Feldstein (1995).
Alfred's Pocket Dictionary of Music
. Alfred Music. p. 135.
ISBN
978-1-4574-2215-7
.
- ^
The Musical Antiquary
. Gregg International Publishers. 1968. p. 62.