Year 1076 ( MLXXVI ) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .

Events [ edit ]

By place [ edit ]

Europe [ edit ]

• January 24 – Synod of Worms : Emperor Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor , holds a synod in Worms (modern Germany ). The assembly declares Pope Gregory VII deposed, and the bishops abandon their allegiance to him.
• February 22 – Gregory VII pronounces a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV at Rome . He is excluded from the Catholic Church , and all the bishops named by Henry are excommunicated.
• Summer – Dirk V , count of Holland , re-conquers West Frisia (modern Netherlands ) from the Archdiocese of Utrecht . He besieges Bishop Conrad at the castle of IJsselmonde , taking him prisoner.
• October 8 – Demetrius Zvonimir is crowned as king of Croatia in Solin (near Split ), in the Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known later as the Hollow Church ) by a representative of Gregory VII.
• December 13 – Norman conquest of southern Italy : Italo-Norman forces under Robert Guiscard de Hauteville and Richard I of Capua , conquer the fortress city of Salerno after a short siege .
• December 26 – Bolesław II the Bold (or "the Generous") is crowned as King of Poland by Archbishop Bogumił in Gniezno Cathedral . Bolesław supports Gregory VII in his conflict against Henry IV.

England [ edit ]

• May 31 – Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria , a participant in the Revolt of the Earls against King William the Conqueror , is beheaded near Winchester .
• Approximate date – The Trial of Penenden Heath is held, with an important ruling regarding land rights subsequent to the Norman Conquest .
• November 1 – A frost begins that lasts until April 1077 . ^[1]

Africa [ edit ]

• Koumbi Saleh , an important mercantile and political center of the Ghana Empire (modern Mauritania ), is besieged by the Almoravids (approximate date).

Asia [ edit ]

• Vikramaditya VI deposes his older brother Someshvara II to become king of the Western Chalukya Empire (modern India ).

By topic [ edit ]

Literature [ edit ]

• Anselm of Aosta , an Italian Benedictine abbot, completes his Monologion at the request of his fellow monks.

Religion [ edit ]

• Demetrius Zvonimir donates the Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in Vrana to Gregory VII.

Births [ edit ]

• June 1 – Mstislav I ( the Great ), Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1132 )
• Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi , Moorish scholar and judge (d. 1148 )
• Fujiwara no Sadazane , Japanese calligrapher (d. 1120 )
• Hualani , Hawaiian queen and regent (approximate date)
• Urban (or Gwrgan ), bishop of Llandaff (d. 1134 )

Deaths [ edit ]

• March 18 – Ermengarde of Anjou , duchess of Burgundy
• March 21 – Robert I ( the Old ), duke of Burgundy (b. 1011 )
• April 18 – Beatrice of Bar , French duchess and regent
• April 28 – Sweyn II ( Estridsson ), king of Denmark
• May 8 – Nasr ibn Mahmud , Mirdasid emir of Aleppo
• May 26 – Ramon Berenguer I , count of Barcelona (b. 1023 )
• May 31 – Waltheof , earl of Northumbria (executed)
• June 4 – Sancho IV , king of Pamplona (or Navarre )
• July 15 – Arnost (or Arno?t ), bishop of Rochester
• Godfrey IV ( the Hunchback ), duke of Lower Lorraine
• Ramihrdus of Cambrai , French priest and martyr (or 1077 )
• William Busac , English nobleman ( jure uxoris ) (b. 1020 )

References [ edit ]