???????

??????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ???????-????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ^[?] ????? ????????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ^[?] ? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ^[?]

?????????? [ ???????? ]

???????????? ?????????? ≪ Bologna ≫? ?????????? ???????? . ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????.

^ "Ufficio statistica regionale" (?? ?????????). Regione Emilia Romagna. 10 April 2019.
^ "Citta Metropolitana di Bologna" (?? ?????????). tuttitalia.it. 30 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010 . Retrieved 27 March 2020 .
^ "The red, the fat, and the learned: The story behind Bologna's curious nicknames" . The Local Italy (?? ????????). 2018-06-12 . Retrieved 2021-10-15 .

??????? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

??? ????? ????????? . ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????.

[1] "Ufficio statistica regionale" (?? ?????????). Regione Emilia Romagna. 10 April 2019.

[2] "Citta Metropolitana di Bologna" (?? ?????????). tuttitalia.it. 30 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010 . Retrieved 27 March 2020 .

[3] "The red, the fat, and the learned: The story behind Bologna's curious nicknames" . The Local Italy (?? ????????). 2018-06-12 . Retrieved 2021-10-15 .

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