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Millions of Years

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		???????????? ^[??]^[??]	?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????				?? ???
		?????????????-????????? ^[??]^[??]	????????? ??????? ???? (??? ???? ) ^[??]? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????? , ??? ± ?? ???? ????				?? ???
		???????? ^[??]^[??]	????????? ??????? ???? ( ????? , ???.?±?.? ???? ). ^[??] ?????? ?????? (???.? ???? ), ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? (???.??? ???? ??? ???? )				?? ???.?

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? "??? ??????????????? ???????" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ ^? ^? Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in radiometric dating and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the ?????????????? ????? ?? ???????????????? 2012 time scale. Where errors are not quoted, errors are less than the precision of the age given. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point has been internationally agreed upon: see List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points for a complete list.
↑ ?????-?????????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???
↑ ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???
↑ "NASA Scientists React to 400 ppm Carbon Milestone". Accessed 1/15/2014 [?]
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Royer, Dana L.? " CO
_?-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic" (PDF) ? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ? 70 (23): 5665?75? ????? : 10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031 ? ?????? : 2006GeCoA..70.5665R ? ????? ??????????? |Year= ??????? ??? ?????? ( |year= ????????? ??????? ????? ?????) ( ??????? )
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ?'???????? ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? , ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????, ?.? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? CO ₂ ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png , Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png ??? Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png -??
↑ ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??,??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?
↑ ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ????????????????? -?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????
↑ ??????-?????????????? -?? ??????????????? ??? ????
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? The Proterozoic , Archean and Hadean are often collectively referred to as the Precambrian Time or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Defined by absolute age ( Global Standard Stratigraphic Age ).
↑ The age of the oldest measurable craton , or continental crust , is dated to 3600?3800 ????
↑ Though commonly used, the Hadean is not a for????l eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the lunar geologic time scale . These eras include the Cryptic and Basin Groups (which are subdivisions of the Pre-Nectarian era), Nectarian , and Early Imbrian units.
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? These unit names were taken from the Lunar geologic timescale and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial. Note that their start times do not dovetail perfectly with the later, terrestrially defined boundaries.
↑ Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. (????)? "Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada"? Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology ? ??? (?): ?? ????? : 10.1007/s004100050465 ? ?????? : 1999CoMP..134....3B ? The oldest rock on Earth is the Acasta Gneiss , and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the Northwest Territories of Canada.
↑ Geology.wisc.edu

????????? [ ???????? ]

NASA: Geologic Time
GSA: Geologic Time Scale
British Geological Survey: Geological Timechart ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????
GeoWhen Database
International Commission on Stratigraphy Time Scale
CHRONOS
National Museum of Natural History - Geologic Time
SeeGrid: Geological Time Systems ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? Information model for the geologic time scale
Exploring Time ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? from Planck Time to the lifespan of the universe

[faunal-stages-1] ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? "??? ??????????????? ???????" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[uncertain-dates-2] ? ^? Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in radiometric dating and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the ?????????????? ????? ?? ???????????????? 2012 time scale. Where errors are not quoted, errors are less than the precision of the age given. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point has been internationally agreed upon: see List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points for a complete list.

[3] ?????-?????????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???

[cenozoic-division-4] ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???

[5] "NASA Scientists React to 400 ppm Carbon Milestone". Accessed 1/15/2014 [?]

[Royer-6] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Royer, Dana L.? " CO
_?-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic" (PDF) ? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ? 70 (23): 5665?75? ????? : 10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031 ? ?????? : 2006GeCoA..70.5665R ? ????? ??????????? |Year= ??????? ??? ?????? ( |year= ????????? ??????? ????? ?????) ( ??????? )

[atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-7] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ?'???????? ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? , ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????, ?.? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? CO ₂ ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png , Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png ??? Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png -??

[holocene-8] ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??,??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?

[carboniferous-9] ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ????????????????? -?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????

[aka-cryptozoic-10] ??????-?????????????? -?? ??????????????? ??? ????

[Precambrian-Time-11] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? The Proterozoic , Archean and Hadean are often collectively referred to as the Precambrian Time or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.

[absolute-age-12] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Defined by absolute age ( Global Standard Stratigraphic Age ).

[Oldest-craton-13] The age of the oldest measurable craton , or continental crust , is dated to 3600?3800 ????

[hadeon-not-forকোটিl-14] Though commonly used, the Hadean is not a for????l eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the lunar geologic time scale . These eras include the Cryptic and Basin Groups (which are subdivisions of the Pre-Nectarian era), Nectarian , and Early Imbrian units.

[Lunar-geologic-timescale-names-15] ? ^? ^? ^? These unit names were taken from the Lunar geologic timescale and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial. Note that their start times do not dovetail perfectly with the later, terrestrially defined boundaries.

[Oldest-rock-16] Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. (????)? "Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada"? Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology ? ??? (?): ?? ????? : 10.1007/s004100050465 ? ?????? : 1999CoMP..134....3B ? The oldest rock on Earth is the Acasta Gneiss , and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the Northwest Territories of Canada.

[geology-wisc-edu-17] Geology.wisc.edu

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