????? ???????

????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??% ??????????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??, ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?]

{\ce {N2 + 3 H2 -> 2 NH3}}\quad \Delta H^{\circ }=-91.8~{\text{kJ/mol}}

???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????

?????? [ ???????? ]

?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ???????????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????

????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????

??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????, ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ Smil, Vaclav (2004). Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ???????? ????????????? .
↑ Hager, Thomas (2008). The Alchemy of Air . Harmony Books, New York. ???????? ???-?-???-?????-? .
↑ Fertilizer Industry: Processes, Pollution Control and Energy Conservation by Marshall Sittig (1979) Noyes Data Corp., N.J. ???????? ?-????-????-?
↑ "Heterogeneous Catalysts: A study Guide"

????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? - ????? , ????? ??, ????, ?????? ???
Britannica guide to Nobel Prizes: ?????? ?????
Nobel e-Museum - ?????? ??????? ?????????

?? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????

[Smil_2004_Enriching-1] Smil, Vaclav (2004). Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ???????? ????????????? .

[hager-2] Hager, Thomas (2008). The Alchemy of Air . Harmony Books, New York. ???????? ???-?-???-?????-? .

[3] Fertilizer Industry: Processes, Pollution Control and Energy Conservation by Marshall Sittig (1979) Noyes Data Corp., N.J. ???????? ?-????-????-?

[4] "Heterogeneous Catalysts: A study Guide"

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]