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↑ ^? ^? Malleson, George Bruce (????)? History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 ? London: Elibron.com? ?????? 227? ???????? 1402172788 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; ????? ??????????? ????? "Malleson" ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????
↑ Ewans, Martin; Sir Martin Ewans (????)? Afghanistan: a short history of its people and politics ? New York: Perennial? ?????? 30? ???????? 0060505087 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722-1922)" ? Edward Granville Browne ? London: Packard Humanities Institute ? ?????? 33? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Romano, Amy (????)? A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan ? The Rosen Publishing Group? ?????? 28? ???????? 9780823938636 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Nadir Shah and the Afsharid Legacy , The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic , Ed. Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly and Charles Melville, (Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 11.
↑ Otfinoski, Steven Bruce (????)? Afghanistan ? Infobase Publishing? ?????? 8? ???????? 9780816050567 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Runion, Meredith L.? The History of Afghanistan ? ?????? 63?
↑ ^? ^? "AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722-1922)" ? Edward Granville Browne ? London: Packard Humanities Institute? ?????? 29? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ ^? ^? "Last Afghan empire" ? Louis Dupree , Nancy Hatch Dupree and others ? Encyclopædia Britannica ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Account of British Trade across the Caspian Sea" ? Jonas Hanway ? Centre for Military and Strategic Studies ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Axworthy pp.39-55
↑ "AFGHANISTAN x. Political History" ? D. Balland ? Encyclopaedia Iranica ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

Encyclopædia Britannica Online - Last Afghan empire

????????:Pashtun

[Malleson-1] ? ^? Malleson, George Bruce (????)? History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 ? London: Elibron.com? ?????? 227? ???????? 1402172788 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; ????? ??????????? ????? "Malleson" ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????

[Ewans-2] Ewans, Martin; Sir Martin Ewans (????)? Afghanistan: a short history of its people and politics ? New York: Perennial? ?????? 30? ???????? 0060505087 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Browne33-3] "AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722-1922)" ? Edward Granville Browne ? London: Packard Humanities Institute ? ?????? 33? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Romano-4] Romano, Amy (????)? A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan ? The Rosen Publishing Group? ?????? 28? ???????? 9780823938636 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[5] Nadir Shah and the Afsharid Legacy , The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic , Ed. Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly and Charles Melville, (Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 11.

[Otfinoski-6] Otfinoski, Steven Bruce (????)? Afghanistan ? Infobase Publishing? ?????? 8? ???????? 9780816050567 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[7] Runion, Meredith L.? The History of Afghanistan ? ?????? 63?

[Browne29-8] ? ^? "AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722-1922)" ? Edward Granville Browne ? London: Packard Humanities Institute? ?????? 29? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Britannica-9] ? ^? "Last Afghan empire" ? Louis Dupree , Nancy Hatch Dupree and others ? Encyclopædia Britannica ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[10] "Account of British Trade across the Caspian Sea" ? Jonas Hanway ? Centre for Military and Strategic Studies ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[11] Axworthy pp.39-55

[12] "AFGHANISTAN x. Political History" ? D. Balland ? Encyclopaedia Iranica ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

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