??????

?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????, ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ^[?] (??????? ???? ???? ??,??? ??? ??????) ^[?] ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? Quaternary ????? ???????????? '??????' ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?λο? ( holos ??? ???? ????????) ??? καιν?? ( kainos , ??? ???? ????) ???? , ??? ?????? ???? ?????? "entirely recent" ?? "???????? ????"? ^[?]

???????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

?????????????? ????? ?? ???????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??,??? ??? ??????? ^[?] ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? last glacial period ( last glacial period ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? the Wisconsinan, ^[?] ?????? the Weichselian, ^[?] ??????????? the Devensian, ^[?] ?????? the Llanquihue, ^[?] ??? ????????????? the Otiran ^[?]) ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????

?????-???????? (10 ka ? 9 ka),
???????? ?????? (9 ka ? 8 ka),
????????? ?????? (8 ka ? 5 ka),
???-???????? (5 ka ? 2.5 ka) ???
???-????????? (2.5 ka ? ???????)?

????? ?????????? ????? " ka " ???? ''????? ???'' (non-calibrated C14 dates ) ???????? ???????? ???????? Hypsithermal ??? Neoglacial -? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? Anthropocene ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ^[?]

???????? [ ???????? ]

Holocene cinder cone volcano on State Highway 18 near Veyo, Utah

??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??,??? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? (??? ??) ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????-??? ????? ^[??]

??????????????? ???????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? , Mastodon , Saber-toothed cat ( Smilodon , Homotherium ) ??? Giant sloth ?????????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? (????- ?????, ??)? ???????? Megafauna -?? ????????? ???? ?????? Amerindian -?? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ^[??]

??????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

?????? Mesolithic ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? Anatolia ??? ???????????? Mesolithic ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? Epipaleolithic ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? Hamburgian , Federmesser ??? Natufian culture ; ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???, ????????????? ????????????? Jericho ^[??] ??? ??????? ?????? proto-religion ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ???????????? ? ??????????? ??? ???? Gobekli Tepe ? ^[??]

???? ?????????? aceramic Neolithic ( Pre-Pottery Neolithic A ??? Pre-Pottery Neolithic B ) ??? pottery Neolithic ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? Oregon ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????(??? ???????????), ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????-???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ^[??]

????????? ???? [ ???????? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? , ????????? ??? ???? ???????? , ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? Tunguska Event ??-? ??????? ^[??]

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "International Stratigraphic Chart" (??????) ? International Commission on Stratigraphy ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ ^? ^? Walker, M., Johnsen, S., Rasmussen, S. O., Popp, T., Steffensen, J.-P., Gibbard, P., Hoek, W., Lowe, J., Andrews, J., Bjo¨ rck, S., Cwynar, L. C., Hughen, K., Kershaw, P., Kromer, B., Litt, T., Lowe, D. J., Nakagawa, T., Newnham, R., and Schwander, J. 2009. Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records. J. Quaternary Sci., Vol. 24 pp. 3?17. ???????? [http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0267-8179 0267-8179.]
↑ "Holocene" ? Online Etymology Dictionary ?
↑ Clayton, L.; Moran, S.R. (????)? "Chronology of late wisconsinan glaciation in middle North America" ? Quaternary Science Reviews ? 1 (1): 55?82? ????? : 10.1016/0277-3791(82)90019-1 ?
↑ Svendsen, J.I.; Astakhov, V.I.; Bolshiyanov, D.Y.; Demidov, I.; Dowdeswell, J.A.; Gataullin, V.; Hjort, C.; Hubberten, H.W.; Larsen, E.; Mangerud, J.; Melles, M.; Moller, P.; Saarnisto, M.; Siegert, M.J. (????)? "Maximum extent of the Eurasian ice sheets in the Barents and Kara Sea region during the Weichselian" ? Boreas ? 28 (1): 234?242? ????? : 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00217.x ?
↑ Eyles, N.E.; McCabe, A.M. (????)? "The Late Devensian (<22,000 BP) Irish Sea Basin: The sedimentary record of a collapsed ice sheet margin" ? Quaternary Science Reviews ? 8 (4): 307?351? ????? : 10.1016/0277-3791(89)90034-6 ?
↑ Denton, G.H.; Lowell, T.V.; Heusser, C.J.; Schluchter, C.; Andersern, B.G.; Heusser, L.E.; Moreno, P.I.; Marchant, D.R. (????)? "Geomorphology, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon chronology of LlanquihueDrift in the area of the Southern Lake District, Seno Reloncavi, and Isla Grande de Chiloe, Chile"? Geografiska Annaler Series A Physical Geography ? 81A (2): 167?229? ????? : 10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00057.x ?
↑ Newnham, R.; Vandergoes, M.; Hendy, C.; Lowe, D.J.; Preusser, F. (????)? "A terrestrial palynological record for the last two glacial cycles from southwestern New Zealand" ? Quaternary Science Reviews ? 26 : 517?535? ????? : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.05.005 ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?
↑ Fred Pearce (2007). With Speed and Violence , p. 21. ???????? ???-?-????-????-?
↑ "England is sinking while Scotland rises above sea levels, according to new study" ? Telegraph? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Blast from the Past? A controversial new idea suggests that a big space rock exploded on or above North America at the end of the last ice age," by Rex Dalton, Nature , vol. 447, no. 7142, pages 256-257 (17 May 2007). Available on-line at: http://www.geo.arizona.edu/~reiners/blackmat.pdf .
↑ "Jericho" , Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ Curry, Andrew (??????? ????)? "Gobekli Tepe: The World's First Temple?" ? Smithsonian Institution? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Snow, Dean (????)? Archaeology of Native North America ? Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall?
↑ "Meteor 'misfits' find proof in sea" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[1] "International Stratigraphic Chart" (??????) ? International Commission on Stratigraphy ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Walker,_M._2009._pp._3-2] ? ^? Walker, M., Johnsen, S., Rasmussen, S. O., Popp, T., Steffensen, J.-P., Gibbard, P., Hoek, W., Lowe, J., Andrews, J., Bjo¨ rck, S., Cwynar, L. C., Hughen, K., Kershaw, P., Kromer, B., Litt, T., Lowe, D. J., Nakagawa, T., Newnham, R., and Schwander, J. 2009. Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records. J. Quaternary Sci., Vol. 24 pp. 3?17. ???????? [http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0267-8179 0267-8179.]

[OnlineEtDict-3] "Holocene" ? Online Etymology Dictionary ?

[Clayton1982-4] Clayton, L.; Moran, S.R. (????)? "Chronology of late wisconsinan glaciation in middle North America" ? Quaternary Science Reviews ? 1 (1): 55?82? ????? : 10.1016/0277-3791(82)90019-1 ?

[Svendsen1999-5] Svendsen, J.I.; Astakhov, V.I.; Bolshiyanov, D.Y.; Demidov, I.; Dowdeswell, J.A.; Gataullin, V.; Hjort, C.; Hubberten, H.W.; Larsen, E.; Mangerud, J.; Melles, M.; Moller, P.; Saarnisto, M.; Siegert, M.J. (????)? "Maximum extent of the Eurasian ice sheets in the Barents and Kara Sea region during the Weichselian" ? Boreas ? 28 (1): 234?242? ????? : 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00217.x ?

[Eyles1989-6] Eyles, N.E.; McCabe, A.M. (????)? "The Late Devensian (<22,000 BP) Irish Sea Basin: The sedimentary record of a collapsed ice sheet margin" ? Quaternary Science Reviews ? 8 (4): 307?351? ????? : 10.1016/0277-3791(89)90034-6 ?

[Denton1999-7] Denton, G.H.; Lowell, T.V.; Heusser, C.J.; Schluchter, C.; Andersern, B.G.; Heusser, L.E.; Moreno, P.I.; Marchant, D.R. (????)? "Geomorphology, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon chronology of LlanquihueDrift in the area of the Southern Lake District, Seno Reloncavi, and Isla Grande de Chiloe, Chile"? Geografiska Annaler Series A Physical Geography ? 81A (2): 167?229? ????? : 10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00057.x ?

[Newnham2007-8] Newnham, R.; Vandergoes, M.; Hendy, C.; Lowe, D.J.; Preusser, F. (????)? "A terrestrial palynological record for the last two glacial cycles from southwestern New Zealand" ? Quaternary Science Reviews ? 26 : 517?535? ????? : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.05.005 ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?

[9] Fred Pearce (2007). With Speed and Violence , p. 21. ???????? ???-?-????-????-?

[10] "England is sinking while Scotland rises above sea levels, according to new study" ? Telegraph? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[11] "Blast from the Past? A controversial new idea suggests that a big space rock exploded on or above North America at the end of the last ice age," by Rex Dalton, Nature , vol. 447, no. 7142, pages 256-257 (17 May 2007). Available on-line at: http://www.geo.arizona.edu/~reiners/blackmat.pdf .

[encyclopedia1-12] "Jericho" , Encyclopædia Britannica

[Smithsonian-13] Curry, Andrew (??????? ????)? "Gobekli Tepe: The World's First Temple?" ? Smithsonian Institution? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[14] Snow, Dean (????)? Archaeology of Native North America ? Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall?

[15] "Meteor 'misfits' find proof in sea" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

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