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???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ????-?????? ????? ??????, ????????? (??????????/??????) ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????-???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???/?????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? [??] ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????, ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????- ?????? ????-??????? ??????? ???, ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????-???? ???? ?????? ???, ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? [??] [??] ???????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??, ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????-??????? ??? ???? [??] ????????, ?????? ?????????????, "?????????-???? ??????????? ?????" ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????-??????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? [??] [??]

????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???, ?????????? ???? (????, ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????) ?? ??????/???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? [??] ?????????-????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????, ?????????????? ? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????, ?????, ????-?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? [??]

?????????-???? ???? ?????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

???? ????? ????????:???????? ???????? ??? "??????????? ??????" ?? ???????? ???????? [??] Sometimes, these rights are justiciable, meaning that they can be pursued by action in court. [??] ???????????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? [??] ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ????? ??????? (????? ?????) ????????? [??] ???, ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? [??] ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? [??] [??]

???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ?? ????????, "??????????? ??????" ?? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? [??] ?? ???????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??, "??????????? ??????" ? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? [??]

??????? ?? ??? ?????????-?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ????????? ???????? "????? ???????" ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????????-???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? "??????" ?????????-???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????? [??]

"??????????? ??????" ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??, ??? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??. ??. ????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???, ??????????? ????????? ??????, "??????????? ??????" ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????-??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? [??]

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ↑ Constitution of the World Health Organization (??????) ? Geneva: World Health Organization? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  2. ↑ Grad, Frank P. (???? ????)? "The Preamble of the Constitution of the World Health Organization" (??????) ? Bulletin of the World Health Organization ? 80 (12): 981?4? ????????   12571728 ? ??????   2567708   অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  3. ↑ Universal Declaration of Human Rights , United Nations, ????, ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? , ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????  
  4. ↑ Pillai, Navanethem (???? ????)? "Right to Health and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"? The Lancet ? 372 (9655): 2005?2006? ????? : 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61783-3 ? ????????   19097276 ?  
  5. ↑ Gruskin, Sofia; Edward J. Mills; Daniel Tarantola (????? ????)? "History, Principles, and Practice of Health and Human Rights"? The Lancet ? 370 (9585): 449?455? ????? : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61200-8 ? ????????   17679022 ?  
  6. ↑ International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination , United Nations, ????, ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? , ???????? ????? ? ??????? ????  
  7. ↑ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights , United Nations, ????, ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? , ???????? ????? ? ??????? ????  
  8. ↑ General Comment No. 14 ? Geneva: UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?  
  9. ↑ "Health and Human Rights" (??????) ? cdn2.sph.harvard.edu ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?  
  10. ↑ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ? New York: United Nations? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  11. ↑ Convention on the Rights of the Child ? New York: United Nations? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?  
  12. ↑ "Child Rights" ? World Health Organization? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?  
  13. ↑ Goldhagen, Jeffrey (?????? ????)? "Children's Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child" ? Pediatrics ? 112 (Supp. 3): 742?745? ????????   12949339 ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?   [ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]
  14. ↑ "Article 25 ? Health | United Nations Enable" ? United Nations? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  15. ↑ Hendriks, Aart (??? ????)? "UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities"? European Journal of Health Law ? 14 (3): 273?298? ????? : 10.1163/092902707X240620 ? ????????   18229764 ?  
  16. ↑ Susser, Mervyn (????? ????)? "Health as a Human Right: An Epidemiologist's Perspective on the Public Health" ? American Journal of Public Health ? 83 (3): 418?426? ????? : 10.2105/ajph.83.3.418 ? ????????   8438984 ? ??????   1694643   অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  
  17. ↑ Toebes, Brigit (????? ????)? "Towards an Improved Understanding of the International Human Right to Health" ? Human Rights Quarterly ? 21 (3): 661?679? ???????   762669 ? ????? : 10.1353/hrq.1999.0044 ? ????????   12408114 ?  
  18. ↑ Hunt, Paul (????? ????)? "The Human Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health: New Opportunities and Challenges" (??????) ? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ? 100 (7): 603?607? ????? : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.03.001   অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য? ????????   16650880 ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?   [ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]
  19. ↑ Farmer, Paul (????)? "The Major Infectious Diseases in the World ? to Treat or Not to Treat?"? New England Journal of Medicine ? 345 (3): 208?210? ????? : 10.1056/NEJM200107193450310 ? ????????   11463018 ?  
  20. ↑ ? ? ? ? ? Beletsky L, Ezer T, Overall J, Byrne I, Cohen J (????)? "Advancing human rights in patient care: the law in seven transitional countries" ? Open Society Foundations ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  21. ↑ "Health and human rights: a resource guide" ? Open Society Foundations ? Open Society Institute.? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  22. ↑ Ezer T. (?? ????)? "making laws work for patients" ? Open Society Foundations ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  23. ↑ ? ? J Amon. (????)? "Abusing patients: health providers' complicity in torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment" ? World Report 2010, Human Rights Watch ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ?  
  24. ↑ Ezer T. (?? ????)? "Making Laws Work for Patients" ? Open Society Foundations ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  25. ↑ ? ? International Dual Loyalty Working Group. (????)? "Dual Loyalty & Human Rights in Health Professional Practice: Proposed Guidelines & Institutional Mechanisms" (??????) ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  26. ↑ F Hashemian; ? ???????? (????)? "Broken laws, broken lives: medical evidence of torture by US personnel and its impact" (??????) ? Physicians for Human Rights ? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?  
  27. ↑ "Rule aims to protect health providers' right of conscience" ? CNNHealth.com ? CNN? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  28. ↑ T Stanton Collett. (????)? "Protecting the healthcare provider's right of conscience" ? Trinity International University, the Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity ? 10 (2): 1, 5? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  29. ↑ Katharine G. Young. "The Comparative Fortunes of the Right to Health: Two Tales of Justiciability in Colombia and South Africa." Harvard Human Rights Journal 26, no.1 (2013): 179?216.
  30. ↑ ? ? Rosevear, E., Hirschl, R., & Jung, C. (2019). Justiciable and Aspirational Economic and Social Rights in National Constitutions. In K. Young (Ed.), The Future of Economic and Social Rights (Globalization and Human Rights, pp. 37?65). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/future-of-economic-and-social-rights/2C2C20AE05EC2C48FB2807739843D610 doi:10.1017/9781108284653.003
  31. ↑ Versteeg, Mila and Zackin, Emily, American Constitutional Exceptionalism Revisited (26 March 2014). 81 University of Chicago Law Review 1641 (2014); Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2014-28. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2416300
  32. ↑ "Health Care As a Human Right" ? americanbar.org ? ???????? ????? ? ?? ???? ?  
  33. ↑ "????? ????????? ????" ? jeetwin-online.com ? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  34. ↑ Yamin, Alicia Ely; Gloppen, Siri Gloppen (????)? Litigating Health Rights, Can Courts Bring More Justice to Health? ? Harvard University Press? ????????   9780979639555 ?  
  35. ↑ Barlow, Philip (?? ????? ????)? "Health Care Is Not a Human Right" ? British Medical Journal ? 319 (7205): 321? ????? : 10.1136/bmj.319.7205.321 ? ????????   10426762 ? ??????   1126951   অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  
  36. ↑ Berkeley, John (? ????? ????)? "Health Care Is Not a Human Right" ? British Medical Journal ? 319 (7205): 321? ????? : 10.1136/bmj.319.7205.321 ? ????????   10426762 ? ??????   1126951   অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????  
  37. ↑ Lamm, R. (????), "The case against making healthcare a "right. " ", American Bar Association: Defending Liberty Pursuing Justice , American Bar Association, 25 (4), ?????? 8?11, ???????   27880117  
  38. ↑ Loefler, Imre J.P. (?? ??? ????)? " " Health Care Is a Human Right" Is a Meaningless and Devastating Manifesto" ? British Medical Journal ? 318 (7200): 1766? ????? : 10.1136/bmj.318.720, 0.1766a |doi= ?? ??? ??????? ???? ( ??????? ) ? ????????   10381735 ? ??????   1116108   অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  

????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

  • Andrew Clapham, Mary Robinson (eds), Realizing the Right to Health, Zurich: ruffer & rub, 2009.
  • Bogumil Terminski, Selected Bibliography on Human Right to Health, Geneva: University of Geneva, 2013.
  • Judith Paula Asher, The Right to Health: A Resource Manual for Ngos, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010. I

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