?????? ????????? ????????
????
???? ????????? ???????????, ???
??????-????? ???????
???? ??????????? ???? ???
????????????
?????-?????? ???
???????????
??????? ???????? ??? ??????-????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???,??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???
?????????
(??????),
??????????
,
?????
,
??????????
, ???
?????????
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????, ????????, ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????
?? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????
??????? ???
?????? ???, ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????
??????
??????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????
???? ???
, ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???
?????
? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????-????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ???? ????????, ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???, ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????
???? ???????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? (???????? ?? ????) ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????
??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?,??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ?? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????
??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???
???????????
???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????
?????? ????????? ???? ????????, ?? ?????-????? ??? ??????
??????? ?????????
??? ?????-???????
?????? ?????? ?????????
, ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????, ?? ????????? ??
???????????? ????????
?????????????? ?????? ???
??? ?? ????
?
?? ????? ?????? "????????????" ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????, ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??% ????? ????? ????????
??? ???? ?????? ?% ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????
"Laos".
Encyclopædia Britannica Online
. Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.
Kittikhoun, Anoulak. "Small State, Big Revolution: Geography and the Revolution in Laos".
Theory & Society
38.1 (2009): 25-55. Print.
Savada, Andrea Matles, et al.
Laos : A Country Study
. 3rd ed. ed. Washington, DC: Washington, DC : Federal Research Division, Library of Congress : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O, 1995. Print.