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?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???-????? ???? ??? (???????? ??? ?? ?????????) ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??????? ???? ????:

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???? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????

?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??/???, ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????, ????????? ? ???? ????????? (?????) ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??, ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????-??????? ??? ???????? ????????? (???? ?????? ????????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????) ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????, ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ^[?]

???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ???????????, ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???, ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????/????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????, ???????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ^{[NB ?]} ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????-?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????

??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? (???????) ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

??????????? ??????
????????
????????
??????? ??/?
?????? ?????????

???? [ ???????? ]

↑ ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????/???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "IBM preps big iron fiesta" ? The Register? ????? ??, ?????
↑ "mainframe, n"? Oxford English Dictionary (on-line ???????)?
↑ Ebbers, Mike; O’Brien, W.; Ogden, B. (????)? "Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics" (??????) ? IBM International Technical Support Organization? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? (PDF) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Beach, Thomas E.? "Computer Concepts and Terminology: Types of Computers" ? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ???? ?
↑ "National Vulnerability Database" ? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

IBM Systems Mainframe Magazine

IBM eServer zSeries mainframe servers ^{[
??????????? ???????? ?????
]}
Univac 9400 , a mainframe from the 1960s, still in use in a German computer museum
Lectures in the History of Computing: Mainframes (archived copy from the Internet Archive)
Articles and Tutorials at Mainframes360.com: Mainframes ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??????
Mainframe Tutorials and Forum at mainframewizard.com: Mainframes

[6] ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????/???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????

[1] "IBM preps big iron fiesta" ? The Register? ????? ??, ?????

[2] "mainframe, n"? Oxford English Dictionary (on-line ???????)?

[3] Ebbers, Mike; O’Brien, W.; Ogden, B. (????)? "Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics" (??????) ? IBM International Technical Support Organization? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? (PDF) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[4] Beach, Thomas E.? "Computer Concepts and Terminology: Types of Computers" ? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ???? ?

[5] "National Vulnerability Database" ? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

[?]

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[NB ?]