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????? ???? , ????????? , ???, ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? [?] [?]
????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ? ????? ?????? [?]
???? ??????? (flea) ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ( Yersinia pestis ) [?]
???????????? ?????? ????, ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? [?]
??????? ??????????????? , ??????????? , ?? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????? [?] [?]
??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? [?]
????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??%? [?]

??????? ????? ( ?????? : Bubonic plague ) ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? [?] ??????? ????????? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? [?] ?????????? ?? ???? , ????????? , ???? [?] ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? [?] ????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? [?]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? [?] ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? [?] ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? [?] ??????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? [?] ????, ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? [?]

?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? [?] ????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? [?] ??????????????? , ??????????? , ?? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? [?] [?] ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??% ???? ??% ????? ????????? ???? [?] [?] ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? [?] ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??%? [?] ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? [?] ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? [?]

??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? , ????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? [?] ??? ??%-??% ???? ??? ????????? [?] [?] ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? [?] ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? [?] bubonic ?????? ????? ???? βουβ?ν ???? ?????? ??? ???? "??????" (groin)? [?] ????? ?????????????? ?????? "buboes" ??????? ??????? ???? [?]

?????????? [ ???????? ]

???? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????, ????, ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????

??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????????, ????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? "???????????? ???????" ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???, ???? ?????????, ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ????, ???? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????

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  • ???????????? ???? >??  °?? (???.?  °?? )
  • ???????? ?????? [??]
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  • ????, ?????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
  • ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????
  • ??? ? ?????? ????, ???? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? [??]

???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????-????????, ????? ??????? (???????????), ???-?? ????? ?????, ???? ? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ????? ??????, ??????????? (???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???), ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????

???? [ ???????? ]

??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? Y. pestis ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????

??????? ????? ?? Xenopsylla cheopis ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? Y. pestis ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????

??? ??????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? Y. pestis ????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? [??]

???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???: [??]

  • ?????: ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????
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  • ??????

??????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ? ???????????, ?????????????????? (?????? ?????????????) ? ?????????????? ???? ???????????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?-??%, ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ??-??% ??? ????? [??] ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? , ????????????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???? ???? [??] ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? [??]

?????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

????????????? ????? ?????????? (??????????? ?????????) ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? [??] [??] ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????(???? ???????? ???????) ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? [??] [??] ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????-??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??, ???????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? [??]

???????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? The Chronicles of Gilles Li Muisis (1272?1352) ???? ?????? ???? ????????? Bibliotheque royale de Belgique, MS 13076-77, f. 24v.
????-???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????

????????? ??????? (????-????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??, ? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????-??????, ?????, ????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? [??] ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??-???????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? [??] ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????-?????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??, ????? ??? , ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? [??] ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????

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?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? [??] ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? [??] [??] ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????-?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????, ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?,??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? [??] ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? [??] ????-???? ????? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? [??] ??? ????-???? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? [??] ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? [??] ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? [??] ????? ????????? ??????? ???, ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? (?? ?? ??? ??) ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????

???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? , ????????? , ???? , ?????? , ????????? , ??? , ???? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?,??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? [??] ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? [??] ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ???? [??] ?????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????, ????? ?????????? , ?????? ??????? , ???????????????, ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? [??] ???? ????? ????????, ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? [??]

???? ? ???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? , ?????????? , ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? (?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???) ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? -?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????, ?????????? ? ???????? ????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????

????????????? ????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???-??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????????, ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? [??] ?????????? ?????????? ????? -?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??, ???? ????, ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? [??]

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? World Health Organization (??????? ????)? "Plague Fact sheet N°267" ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?  
  2. ? ? "Plague Symptoms" ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  3. ? ? ? ? ? Prentice MB, Rahalison L (????)? "Plague"? Lancet ? 369 (9568): 1196?207? ????? : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60566-2 ? ????????   17416264 ?  
  4. ? ? "Plague Resources for Clinicians" ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  5. "Plague Ecology and Transmission" ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  6. Keyes, Daniel C. (????)? Medical response to terrorism : preparedness and clinical practice ? Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins? ?????? 74? ????????   9780781749862 ?  
  7. ? ? ? "Plague History" ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  8. LeRoux, Neil (????)? Martin Luther As Comforter: Writings on Death Volume 133 of Studies in the History of Christian Traditions ? BRILL? ?????? 247? ????????   9789004158801 ?  
  9. Edman, Bruce F. Eldridge, John D. (????)? Medical Entomology a Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods (Rev.. ???????)? Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands? ?????? 390? ????????   9789400710092 ?  
  10. "Symptoms of Plague" ? Brief Overview of Plague ? iTriage? Healthagen, LLC? ? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  11. Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA ? ???????? (?? ????)? "Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense"? JAMA ? 283 (17): 2281?90? ????? : 10.1001/jama.283.17.2281 ? ????????   10807389 ?  
  12. "Plague, Laboratory testing" ? Health Topics A to Z ? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  13. "Plague - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic" ? www.mayoclinic.org (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  14. "Plague" ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?  
  15. "Plague" ? Healthagen, LLC? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?  
  16. ? ? Echenberg, Myron (2002). Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894?1901. Journal of World History, vol 13,2
  17. Little, Lester K. (2007). "Life and Afterlife of the First Plague Pandemic." In: Little, Lester K. editor. (2007), Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541?750 . Cambridge University Press. (2007). ????????   ???-?-???-?????-? pp. 8?15
  18. McCormick, Michael (2007). "Toward a Molecular History of the Justinian Pandemic." In: Little, Lester K. editor. (2007), Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541?750 . Cambridge University Press. (2007). ????????   ???-?-???-?????-? pp. 290?312.
  19. Rosen, William (2007), Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????. Viking Adult; pg 3; ????????   ???-?-???-?????-? .
  20. ? ? Moorshead Magazines, Limited. "The Plague Of Justinian." History Magazine 11.1 (2009): 9?12. History Reference Center
  21. Cohn, Samuel K.(2002). The Black Death: End of a Paradigm. American Historical Review, vol 107, 3, pg. 703?737
  22. Sean Martin (????)? Black Death:Chapter One ? Harpenden, GBR:Pocket Essentials? ??????  14 ?  
  23. Nicholas Wade (?? ??????? ????)? "Europe's Plagues Came From China, Study Finds" ? The New York Times ? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ? The great waves of plague that twice devastated Europe and changed the course of history had their origins in China, a team of medical geneticists reported Sunday, as did a third plague outbreak that struck less harmfully in the 19th century.  
  24. Benedict, Carol (????)? Bubonic plague in nineteenth-century China ? Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press? ????????   978-0804726610 ?  
  25. Cohn, Samuel K. (????)? The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe ? A Hodder Arnold? ?????? 336? ????????   0-340-70646-5 ?  
  26. Pryor, E. G. (????)? "The Great Plague OF Hong Kong" (??????) ? Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch ? Hong Kong: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland-Hong Kong Branch ? 15 : 69? ????????   1991-7295 ? ???????? ????? ??? ?, ???? ?  
  27. "History | Plague | CDC" ? www.cdc.gov (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  28. Porter, Dorothy (????-??-??)? "Book Review" ? New England Journal of Medicine ? 349 (11): 1098?1099? ????????   0028-4793 ? ????? : 10.1056/NEJM200309113491124 ?  
  29. "On This Day: San Francisco Bubonic Plague Outbreak Begins" ? www.findingdulcinea.com ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  30. Griggs, Mary Beth? "30,000 People In Quarantine After Bubonic Plague Kills One in China" ? Smithsonian (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  31. "Maps and Statistics | Plague | CDC" ? www.cdc.gov (?????? ??????)? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  32. ? ? Filip, Julia? "Avoiding the Black Plague Today" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  33. Regan, Michael? "Human Plague Cases Drop in the US" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  34. "Plague in the United States | Plague | CDC" ? www.cdc.gov (?????? ??????)? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  35. "Emergencies Preparedness, Response, Plague, Madagascar, Disease Outbreak News | Plague | CDC" ? www.who.int (?????? ??????)? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  36. "The Independent - 404" ? The Independent ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????  
  37. Daniel Barenblatt, A Plague upon Humanity. , 2004, pages 220?221.

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