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Bobby Fischer
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??? ????? 9 ?????, 1943 ???? ?????? , ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ??, ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????, ?????????????? ????????? ????; ??? ????-?? ????? ????? ????? ?
????? ????
, ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????
????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??, ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ???? ???? ????????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?? , ?????? ???? ???????-???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ??????? ???????????? , ???? ???? ??????? 1933 ???? ????? ????????? 1938 ????, ???????-???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ????????? ????? ?????-????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? 1939 ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????-???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? 1945 ??? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????
??? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
1949 ????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? , ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????
??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????
[
????????
]
2002 ????, ???????????? ????????????
????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??? (??????? ???) ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????????? , ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??. ????? ??????? ????
??????
??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?, ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????
1950 ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???????-???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????-????? ???? ????? ??????????? 1942 ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? 1952 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? 1952 ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????
??? ?????
????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????
1949 ????? ????? ????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????,
?? ?????????
, ??? ?????? -? ???? ?????????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????
1950 ????, ???????? ????????? ??? ????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ??? ??? 560 ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? "????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????????" ????????, 14 ???????, 1950-?, ??????
???????? ???
????????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? "???????? ????? ???" ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????, ???????? ?????? ???????????, 17 ?????????, 1951-? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? 15 ????? ??? ????????, ???????? ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????
???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? , ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????: "??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??, ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????"
1952 ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? 1955 ????? ????????, ?????, ??? 12 ??? ?????, ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? 1956 ??? ??????? ??????? ???, ??? ?????? ??? ?????
????? ??? ?????
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]
1956 ????? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ?? "?????" ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? .
????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????, ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????????
???? ???????????
[
????????
]
1956 ????? ????? ????, ??????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? (??????? ????? ???-???????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????), ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? , ?????? ???? ???? 12-????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????
???????? ?????
????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????, ????????? 7?? ?????? 5½ ??????? ????? ???????
1956 ????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? , ?????????????? /10 ????? 13 ??? ????? ??????????-?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? /12 4???-8? ??????? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? 1956 ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????????? , ???? 7/10 ????? ??? 8?-12? ??????? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????, ????? 1956 ???? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ,??????? ???????? , ??? ?????? ????????????, ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????
????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??. ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? (1956), ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? 12 ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ??-?? ??????? ???? ????? ?½/?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????
????????????? ????????
????????? , ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? " ???????? ???? " ??? ?????? ?????? , ???????: "?????????? ????, ???? ??????????? ??????????
???? ????????? ??????????? ???????? 13 ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????
???? , ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? " ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???. '"
1957 ????, ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???-??? ????? ???? , ½?1½ ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????????????? 8½/9 ????? ??? ??????? ??? US ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ????????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????????? 10/12 ????? ????, ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???-??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????
????????????????, ????????, ????
[
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]
1957 ????, ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????, "?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????, ??????? 1957 ????? 6 ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????? - ??????? - ??? ???? ???? ????????" ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?????? 1958 ????, ??????? ??? ??
?? ????? ?? ? ???????
-? ???????? ?????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ????? ????????? ???? ??????-????? ??????? ???????? ?????????
???????? ???????
?, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????
????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??, ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? "??? ???? ???????? ???????" ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? VI ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????????????? (????) ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????
1958 ????, ????????? ??? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ????? 15 ??? ????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????... ???????????? ????????? ????? ??, ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ???? ?????????, ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????! ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????: "??? ????????? ????? ???????????!"
????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ? "??????, ??????? ?????????????? , ???? ???-?????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??????? ..." ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????, ???????????? ?????? ????"??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ... ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????", ???????? ?? ???? "?? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????," ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? 2½?1½ ???????? ?????? ?????
?????????, ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? 15 ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??, ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????, "??? ??????????????????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????
???????????
??? ?????? ??? ??? ????" ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??: ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???, ???? 12/20 (+6?2=12) ????? 5-6 ?? ?????? ??? ?????
????? ???? ??? ????
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]
?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???, ?? ???????? ?? "???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????" 1952 ????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ??? "???????????????????? ???? ?????" ?? ??? ?????? ???) ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ? 1959 ????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???, ????? ??? 16 ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????, "???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???"
??????? ???? ??? 16, ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? , ???? 1930-?? ???? ??????? "????????? ?????????" ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? "????" ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ???: "??? ?????? ?????? ?? 16 ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????" ???????????????? ????????-???????????????? ???????? ???, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????, ??????, 1960 ????, ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???
??????? ??????
????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? , ??????????? ??????? ??. ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ?? ( ??????? , ????? ????????? ????, ????? ????????? ????? ) ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????
???? ??????????????
[
????????
]
| ???? ????????
|
?????
|
?????
|
????? ???????
|
?????
|
????
|
| 1957/58
|
10½/13 (+8?0=5)
|
?????
|
1 ???????
|
??%
|
14
|
| 1958/59
|
8½/11 (+6?0=5)
|
?????
|
1 ???????
|
77%
|
15
|
| 1959/60
|
9/11 (+7?0=4)
|
?????
|
1 ???????
|
82%
|
16
|
| 1960/61
|
9/11 (+7?0=4)
|
?????
|
2 ???????
|
82%
|
17
|
| 1962/63
|
8/11 (+6?1=4)
|
?????
|
1 ???????
|
73%
|
19
|
| 1963/64
|
11/11 (+11?0=0)
|
?????
|
3½ ???????
|
100%
|
20
|
| 1965
|
8½/11 (+8?2=1)
|
?????
|
1 ???????
|
77%
|
22
|
| 1966/67
|
9½/11 (+8?0=3)
|
?????
|
2 ???????
|
??%
|
23
|
????? 1961/62 ?????????????? ??? ???? (???? 1962 ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????), ??? 1964/65 ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????; 1962/63 ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? 1965 ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????, ??? ????? 74/90 (61 ???, 26 ???, 3 ???)?
????? ???????????????? ??????
[
????????
]
1969 ???? ??????????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???, ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ??????, ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??; ?????????, ???? ?????? ??? "???? ?????" ????, ??? ??? ?????????
1970 ??? 1971 ????, ????? "???? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????"?
????????????? ???, ????? ??? ?????? 1970 ????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? , ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????, ???? ???????? "???????? ?????" ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????
???????? ??? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????
????? ?????
????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????, ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? 20½?19½ ???????? ?????? ???, "????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? 3-1 ????? (???? ??? ??? ???? ???)?" "????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???, ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ???? ???? ?????? ???-????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???"?
???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? (5 ??????? ????) ???????? ??? ? "[??????????] ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????"? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????-????? ??????? 19/22 (+17?1=4), ??? (14½), ???????? (14), ???????????? ( 13½), ??? ?????????? (13)? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? (??????????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? )? ????? "???, ???????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????"? ??? ??????? ????????? ??, "???? ????????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? !", ???? ??????????? "???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???"? Lombardy, ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????, ??????? 4½-??????? ???????? ??? "???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????"?
??????-?? 1970 ????, ????? ??????? / ??????? 13/17 (+10?1=6), ???-??????? ???????? ?????????, Gligori?, Hort , Korchnoi, Smyslov, ??? Petrosian-?? ????? ??????? ?????-????? ????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ???? ????? ???? , 15/17 (+13?0=4) ????? ??? 3½-??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? 10/13 (+8?1=4), ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??? ???, ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????
?????? ????????? Expressen-
?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????????
????? 18½/23 (+15?1=7) ?? ??????????? ( ???? ?? ???????????? ????????) ???????, ??????, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? 15/23 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? (???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????), ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????, ????????: "??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??... ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????" ?????????? ??????? ????????, "????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????"?
1971 ???????????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???? "??????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? '???????' ?????????", ??? ???? "????? ??? ???" ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??, ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? 12 ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????"? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????: "??? ????????? ?? ???, ???????????? ???? ????????, ???? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????!" ????? 4-0, ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? Schonberg ????? ????????:
??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????, ???? ????????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? [????? ??????] ??????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????, ???? ???
?? ????????
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????? ????????? ?-? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????
??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??, ??????? ??? ???? ???????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????: "?????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????" ??? ?????????????? ????????, ????????? "???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????... [???] ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????" "???????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????"
??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? "????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????: '??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ' " ??????? ???, ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????:
????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? [????????? ???????] ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? [?????] ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????, ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????
????? 6-0 ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????: "???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? - ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? … ??????, ???, ?????? ?? ???, ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????" ????? ?? ??? ???, ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? "??????????" 12-0 ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? "??? ??????? ???????? ???-????? ???????????? ????? " ????????
8 ?????, 1971-?, ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????, ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ???? ????????? ????? ???????? 21½/22 ????? ?????? ?????
??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????, ?????????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????, ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? "??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????... '??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????,' ???????????? ????? ??????????", ??? ????? ????????: "??????? [???? ??????] ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???" ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????????
????????? ????????
????? , ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? 20?? ??? ??? ???? (??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????), ???? ????? ?????? 1873-1882 ???? ?????????? 25?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???, ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? 6½?2½ (+5?1=3) ???? ????
???????? ????????????
??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???:
??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ??? 11 ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????: ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ????????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???
????? ??? ?????? ???, ???????????? ??????? ????????: "???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????, ?? ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? " "???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ..." ??? ????? ????? ????????, "????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???." ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???: "??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????" "??? ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???"
????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? 1972 FIDE ????? ????????, ??? Elo ????? 2785 ??? 125 ??????? ???? (????? ?? 2) Spassky ?? ????? 2660? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????
???? ?????????
, ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ???? ??????? (+0?3=2) ?
????? ???????????????? ?????
[
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????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????-????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? , ????????????? , ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? , ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??, ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? US$125,000 ??? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? $250,000 (???? $1.55 ???????) ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
??????? ??? ??? ????????, ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? 60 ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??-???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? , ????? "????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ..."
??????? 1972 ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????; ????????? ??????? ???? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????: ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????-??????? ????? , ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???, ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??, ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? 19?? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????, ??????? 12½?8½ ???????? ??????? ??? 11?? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????
?????????????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? "??? ????? ?? ??? ????????" ??? ???, ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? - ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? - ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????, "????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????: ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???"? ??? ???? ??? ??????????????? ??????? "???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ????" ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????, "??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????"?
??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? "??????? $5 ???????" (???? $30.9 ???????) ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????
???????? ????????????
?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? , ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? 1972 ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???, ??? 1974 ???? ???????; ???????? ??????, ?? ????????? ??????? "????? ???" ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????
??????? ?????????? ???????????
[
????????
]
????? 1975 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???, ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????, ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????????? ???? ???????, 1973 ????? ??????????? FIDE ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? (?????? ??????) ???? ??????:
- ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? 10?? ?????? ???? ???, ??? ?? ????
- ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????
- 9-9 ??????? ????????, ??????????? (?????) ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????
1974 ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? FIDE ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? 10-????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? 36-? ????? ? 1974:
??? ???? FIDE ???????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? FIDE ?????????? ?????? FIDE 1975 ????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????, ??? ???? FIDE ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????, ??? ??????
??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? 9-9 ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? (10-8) ????? ???? ???????? ?-? ???????? "??????????" ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?-? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????
??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ????? FIDE ??????? 1975 ????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? 9-9 32 ? 35 ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ? 3 ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????????, ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? 1991 ???????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? 1975 ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????????, ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? 10-? ????? ???? ???? ???
???????? ??????
??? ????? ??????? ????????
????? ?????????? ?? 1972 ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??, ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ????: "???? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????????... ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????"
?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? "????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???"? Korchnoi ??????:
??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ?? ????????????? 10-8 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 9-9 ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ????????? ???: ????????????? ??? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? - ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????
???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? "???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????" ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ??????????? ??????? 1992 ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????
???? ?????????
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]
1972 ????? ???? ???????????????? ??, ????? ?????? 20 ??? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ???????? 1977 ???? ????????, ????????????? , ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????????
???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??, ????, ?????????? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??, ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????, ??? $1,000 ?????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? 14-??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? "???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??"?
1981 ????, ????? ??? ????????????? ???????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? , ?????? ??? ??? ???, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????
???????? ????????????
????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? , ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????:
???? ??? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??. ??? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????
1988-1990 ????, ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???, ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????
1992 ?????????? ???????
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????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?? 1992 ???? "20 ????? ??????? ?????"-? ?????????? ????? ???? (???? FIDE ????? ???????? 96-102 ?? ??????) ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?
?????????
?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? "??? ????????? ??? ??????????????" ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? FIDE ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ??? ??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ????? FIDE- ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????
[???]
????????? ????? ??? US$5 ???????, ???? $3.35 ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
[???] [???]
???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? :
[???]
[????? ????] ??? ???????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ????????? 1993, 1995 ??? 2000 ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???, ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 1992 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???
1992 ?????????? ???????
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??? ??????: ?????-??????? (1992 ?????)
????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?? 1992 ???? "20 ????? ??????? ?????"-? ?????????? ????? ???? (???? FIDE ????? ???????? 96-102 ?? ??????) ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? "??? ????????? ??? ??????????????" ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? FIDE ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ??? ??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ????? FIDE- ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? US$5 ???????, ???? $3.35 ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? :
[????? ????] ??? ???????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ????????? 1993, 1995 ??? 2000 ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???, ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 1992 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???
????? 10?? ???, 5?? ?????? ??? 15?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????, "??? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??"? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? "??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????" ????
????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????; ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????
Seirawan ??? ???????:
"23 ?????????? [1992] ?? ??, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????" ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????? "???? ??????? ??????" ??? "???????? ?????????? ???????????"?
???? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? 12810 ????? ???? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? 757 ?????????? ???? ???? ? ???????????? ??????, 1 ??????????, 1992-? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????, "??? ???? ?????"? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????, ?????????? ????, " ??????? 50 USC §§1701, 1702, ??? 1705 ??? ??????????? ?????? 12810" ?????? ????
??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???, ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????????
??????? ???? ? ??????
[
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???? ??????? ?????? ????
[
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]
??????????? ???? 1992 ????? ??????? ??, ?????, ??? ???? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? , ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? , ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? , ????? , ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ? 1998 ??? 1999 ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?
2000 ???? 2002 ??? ???????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? , ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ????? ???? 1992 ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???
???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????
Torre ??????? 22 ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? 21 ??, 2001-?, ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????, ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????
?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
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?????????? ???????? ???? 12 ??????????, 2001-?? ????????? ???? ??? (???????? 11 ??????????, 2001, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???), ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ??????, "??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ... ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? .. ????? ????." ???? ??? ????, "???????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????... ??? ?????? ?????? ??, ?? ????, ?? ?????????????? ????? ????" ??????
????? ??? ?? ??
??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? , "[??? ??? ???] ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? - ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ???????? ????????? ????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????" 9/11 ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????, ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? 2007 ???? ?????????? ??? ????????
????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? 13 ?????, 2004-?, ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???, ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? , ???????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? (???? 1997 ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? 2003 ???? ????? ??? ???????) ?? ??????? ???????????? ???, ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? 2003 ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????, ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? 16 ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????
?????-??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? "??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????" ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? , "?????? ????, ???????? ????" ???, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???, "[????] ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????" ??? "??? ????" [?????] ???? ???? ???"? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? , ?????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? (??? ???? ???? 2000 ??? ???? ????? ???????) ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????, ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????, ??? ??????? ???????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????
???? ?????????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? 6 ??????????, 2004-? ????? ?????
??????????? ????????? ??? ?????
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??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? 2005 ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????, ????????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? , ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? (???????????? ???????????), [ ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????, ??? ??? 1972 ????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ???? "???????????? ????????? ????? ???????"?
???????????? ???????? ?? , ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????, ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????
????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????, ????????? Þorarinsdottir, ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ??? ????, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
10 ????????, 2006-?, ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??????-??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????
2005 ????, ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? 2006 ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? "?? ??????? [???????] ????; ????? ??????? ?????" ??? ????????????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????
??????, ???????? ?????, ??? ???
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17 ?????????, 2008-?, ????? 64 ??? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? (???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????) ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????: "??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????"
21?? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???, ??????????? 60 ????????? (37 ????) ??????-?????? ????? ????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ??????? , ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? 140 ??????? ISK (?????? ￡1 ???????, ?? US$2 ???????)? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???, ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????; ??? ???? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??????? ????; ??? ??? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????, ????? ????? ; ??? ??????? ????? (???? ?? ???? ????)?
??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ??????????? ???????????, ???, 4 ????????, 2007 ??????? ???? ???????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????, ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????
16 ???, 2010-?, ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????-?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? 5 ?????, 2010 ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????
17 ?????, 2010-? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? 3 ?????, 2011-?, ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? 6 ??????????, 2004-? ????? ????????, ??? ??, ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? . ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? 6.6 ??????? (?????? $57,000)?
https://en
chess
U.S. Championship
grandmaster
.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer
21st Chess Olympiad
???????????
??? ?????
????????? ?????? ????? ???????
??????????? ??????
??? ?????
????????? ??????? ???????
- ???????.??
-?
??? ?????
-?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????
- "The Chessman", Garry Kasparov
????????? ??????
??????????
?? ????? ???? ??????, TIME magazine, 26 January 2008
- "Was It Only a Game?", Dick Cavett
????????? ??????
??????????
?? ?????????? ???? ??????,
NY Times
, February 8, 2008
- "Death of a madman driven sane by chess", Stephen Moss
The Guardian, 19 January 2008
- "Bobby Fischer's Pathetic Endgame", Rene Chun
The Atlantic, December 2002
- Extensive collection of Fischer photographs, Echecs-photos online
- Edward Winter
,
List of Books About Fischer and Kasparov
- The Bobby Fischer Unofficial Home Page
- Archive of Fischer's personal homepage
- Bobby Fischer Live Radio Interviews (1999?2006)
- A compilation of pictures of Fischer in the Philippines 1967 made into a video
- "Breaking news: Fischer comeback? (27.05.2005)", chessbase.com
Alex Titomirov
initiated discussion about Fischer comeback to the arena of competitive chess
- The Bobby Fischer Defense
Essay by
Garry Kasparov
in the
New York Review of Books
, February 2011.
- Me & Bobby Fischer | A documentary about getting Bobby Fischer out of jail in Japan and his last years in Iceland
- A ninety-minute HBO documentary about Bobby's Fischer's life entitled "Bobby Fischer Against the World" that aired in June, 2011
- Bobby Fischer: Chess's beguiling, eccentric genius
BBC News, 4 July 2011
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