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????? ?? ??????? ( ??????? , ????.??. , ?? ????? ; ????? : philosophiae doctor ?? doctor philosophiae ) ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???, ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ???????, ?????, ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ^[?] ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? (???????? ???????? "?????" ?? "??") ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?? ????????, ????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? "??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????" ^[?] ", "???????", ?? "?????" (???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???)? ???, ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????-??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ^[?]

??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???, ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????-????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???; ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????/??????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? "??????? ABD" ????? ??????, ??? ???? "??? ?????? ???????????" ^[?]

???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????, ?? ?????????? ???? ??????-????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ^[?] ???? ????, ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? (D.M.A.), ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? (S.J.D.) ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? (Ed.D.)? . 2005 ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? "????????? ????????," ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????-???? ?????? (???????) ?? ???? 10?? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ^[?] 2016 ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? "????????? ???????????" ?????? ?????? ??? ???????, ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ????, ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ^[?]

????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????, "?????" ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??, ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???, ?? "????? ????????"? ???????? ??????, ??????????, ??? ??? ??????? (??????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????) ????? ???????? ????? ??????? (??????, ?????, ??????? ???????, ????, ??? ????????? ?????/???????) ^[?] ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? "????? ?????" ?????? ?????? ????

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????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "The disposable academic" ? The Economist ? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?
↑ Hickey, Robert? "How address the holder of a Doctorate" ? FormsOfAddress.info ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name | Synonym" ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Schuman, Rebecca (????-??-??)? "ABD Company" ? Slate ? ???????? 1091-2339 ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Dinham, S.; Scott, C. (????)? "The Experience of Disseminating the Results of Doctoral Research"? Journal of Further and Higher Education ? 25 : 45?55? ?????????? 146687739 ? ????? : 10.1080/03098770020030498 ?
↑ Kirsti Koch Christensen (????)? "BOLOGNA SEMINAR: DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY" (??????) ? European Universities Association? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?
↑ "THE 'FLORENCE PRINCIPLES' ON THE DOCTORATE IN THE ARTS" (??????) ? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?
↑ Chang, Sooyoung (????)? Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians (??????) ? World Scientific? ?????? 183? ???????? 978-981-4282-29-1 ? ????? : 10.1142/7420 ?

??? ???? [ ???????? ]

Geiger, Roger L. (????)? To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900?1940 ? Oxford University Press?
Geiger, Roger L. (????)? Research and Relevant Knowledge: American Research Universities Since World War II ?
Simpson, Renate (????)? How the PhD came to Britain: A century of struggle for postgraduate education ? Society for Research into Higher Education ? Guildford?

[1] "The disposable academic" ? The Economist ? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?

[2] Hickey, Robert? "How address the holder of a Doctorate" ? FormsOfAddress.info ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[3] "How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name | Synonym" ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[4] Schuman, Rebecca (????-??-??)? "ABD Company" ? Slate ? ???????? 1091-2339 ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[ReferenceA-5] Dinham, S.; Scott, C. (????)? "The Experience of Disseminating the Results of Doctoral Research"? Journal of Further and Higher Education ? 25 : 45?55? ?????????? 146687739 ? ????? : 10.1080/03098770020030498 ?

[6] Kirsti Koch Christensen (????)? "BOLOGNA SEMINAR: DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY" (??????) ? European Universities Association? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?

[7] "THE 'FLORENCE PRINCIPLES' ON THE DOCTORATE IN THE ARTS" (??????) ? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?

[8] Chang, Sooyoung (????)? Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians (??????) ? World Scientific? ?????? 183? ???????? 978-981-4282-29-1 ? ????? : 10.1142/7420 ?

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