???????

?????????????????? ????
????????? ???	Nicorette, Nicotrol
???????? / ??????.??	????????
??????????? ??????
???????? ????	High
????????? ?????	smoked (as smoking tobacco , mapacho, etc.), insufflated (as tobacco snuff or nicotine nasal spray ), chewed (as nicotine gum , tobacco gum or chewing tobacco), transdermal (as nicotine patch , nicogel or topical tobacco paste), intrabuccal (as dipping tobacco, snuffs, dissolvable tobacco or creamy snuff), vaporized (as electronic cigarette , etc.), directly inhaled (as nicotine inhaler ), oral (as nicotini ), buccal (as snus )
????? ???	N07BA01 ( ??????????? ) QP53 AX13
???? ??????
???? ??????	AU : ?????????? UK : ?????? ??????? ?????? (??????, ?????) US : ?????
???????????????? ??????
????????????	20 to 45% (oral)
?????	hepatic
????? ????-????	2 hours; 20 hours active metabolite (cotinine)
??????????
????????? ??? ?-(?-?????? ?????????? ?-???) ??????????
????? ?????	54-11-5   Y
?????? ??????	942
????????????/ ??????	2585
???????????	DB00184   Y
???????????	80863   Y
????????	6M3C89ZY6R
???????	D03365   Y
??????????	??????????:18723   ??
????????????	????????????3   Y
??????? ?????????? ( ????? )	DTXSID1020930
??????? ?????????	100.000.177
????????? ? ??? ????
?????	C 10 H 14 N 2
????? ??	162.12 g/mol
?????? ???? ( ??????? )	??????????????? ?????
?????	1.01 g/cm 3
???????	??? °?? (???? °??)
?????????	??? °?? (??? °??)
??????????? n1cc(ccc1)[C@H]2N(C)CCC2
??????????? InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1   Y Key:SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N   Y

??????? ? ?? ???????? ?????????? (???????????), ?? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? (??????????? ??????????????? ????????) ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????

??? [ ???????? ]

??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?????

?????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??? Nicotiana tabacum ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? Jean Nicot de Villemain ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????

????? ??????? : ??????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? (????? ???????? ??????) ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????

??????? ???????? ????? ??? [ ???????? ]

???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??-??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????

????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? (???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????)? ???????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????, ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??-??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ^[?]

????????? ??????? ??? [ ???????? ]

???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ^[?] ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????, ?????????????, ??????????, ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????, ??????, ?????????, ????????, ??????, ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ???? ? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??-???? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????-?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????, ??????? ????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ^[?]

??????? ??????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ??????????? ?????? (Nicotine replacement therepy ?? ???????? ?????? (NRT)) ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ^[?] ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ^[?] ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??% ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? NRT ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????-? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ???????, ??????, ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? NRT ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????

????????? [ ???????? ]

1. ↑ [?] ^{[ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]}
2. ↑ [?] ^{[ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]}
3. ↑ "???????????????? ???????" ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?? ???? ?  
4. ↑ Jain R, Majumder P, Gupta T (????)? "Pharmacological intervention of nicotine dependence" ? BioMed Research International ? 2013 : 278392? ????? : 10.1155/2013/278392   ? ????????   24490153 ? ??????   3891736   ?   ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ( link )
5. ↑ Smith KD, Scott MA, Ketterman E, Smith PO (?????? ????)? "Clinical inquiries. What interventions can help patients stop using chewing tobacco?" ? The Journal of Family Practice ? 54 (4): 368?9? ????????   15833231 ?   ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ( link )