??? ?????????? ????
三?大?
|
|---|
 ????, ?????????? ????
|
| ????? ?????? ?????:???????_??????? ?? 480 ?? ?????: ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? "?????:??????? ????????/??????/China (equirectangular)" ?? "????????:??????? ???????? China (equirectangular)" ????? ????? ???????? ????
|
| ???
| ???
|
|---|
| ???????
| Sandouping
,
Yiling
, Hubei
|
|---|
| ?????????
| ??°??′??″ ?????
???°??′??″ ?????
/
??.?????° ????? ???.?????° ?????
/
30.82306; 111.00333
|
|---|
| ????????
| ????? ??????, ????? ??????????, ?????????????
|
|---|
| ??????
| ???????????
|
|---|
| ??????? ????
| ?? ????????, ????
|
|---|
| ????????? ?????
| ????
[?]
|
|---|
| ??????? ?????
| ￥
180 billion (US$27.6 billion)
|
|---|
| ?????
| China Yangtze Power
(subsidiary of
China Three Gorges Corporation
)
|
|---|
|
| ?????? ???
| ??????????? ????
|
|---|
| ???????
| ????? ?? ??????
|
|---|
| ??????
| ??? ?? (??? ??)
|
|---|
| ???????
| ?,??? ?? (?,??? ??)
|
|---|
| ?????? (???????)
| ?? ?? (??? ??)
|
|---|
| ?????? (????????)
| ??? ?? (??? ??)
|
|---|
| ???????? ???????????? ??????????
| ?,??,??? ??
?
/?? (??,??,??? ?????/??)
|
|---|
|
| ????
| Three Gorges Reservoir
|
|---|
| ??? ??????????
| ??.? ????
?
(?,??,??,???
acre·ft
)
|
|---|
| ????????? ?????
| ??,??,??? ????
?
(?,??,??? ??
?
)
|
|---|
| ????????? ?????
| ?,??? ????
?
(??? ??
?
)
[?]
|
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| ???????? ???????
| ??? ???? (??? ??)
[?]
|
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| ?????? ??????
| ??? ?? (??? ??)
|
|---|
|
| ????????? ?????
| ????-????
|
|---|
| ???
| ???????
|
|---|
| ?????? ????
| Rated: ??.? ?? (??? ??)
Maximum: ??? ?? (??? ??)
[?]
|
|---|
| ???????????
| 32 × 700
MW
2 × 50 MW
Francis-type
|
|---|
| ??????? ??????
| ????? ?????????
|
|---|
| ?????? ??????
| ??%
|
|---|
| ??????? ??????
| ??
TWh
(???
????
) (2015)
|
|---|
??? ?????????? ????
??
??? ???? ????
(
????
:
三?大?
) ?????
?????
????????
?????? ?????
???????????
????
????? ?? ??????
???? ??? ??????? ????
?????????
???????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? (????? ?????????) ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??.? ?????????-????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???, ??? ???? ????
?????? ?????
???.? ?????????-????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
[?]
??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????
[?]
[?]
??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????
[?]
?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????
[?]
[?]
???? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????
[?]
[??]
[??]
???????
???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???
????????? ?????
?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????
[??]
with the design of state-of-the-art large turbines,
[??]
and a move toward limiting
greenhouse gas
emissions.
[??]
??? ????????? ????
????????????
? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?.? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???
????????
?????????? ????????
??????
?? ????? ???????????
[??]
????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????
[??]
??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????
In his poem "Swimming" (1956), engraved on the
1954 Flood
Memorial in
Wuhan
, Mao Zedong envisions "walls of stone" to be erected upstream.
[??]
???? ????
??? ?????-???
‘??? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ???’ ?
????? ?? ??????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
[??]
[??]
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? (?? ?????????) ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????
[??]
???? ????
?????? ???-???
?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????
???????? ???-????? ??????
?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????-???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????
???? ????
???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????
-?? ?????? ????????
?? ?? ???????
????????? ???? ??? ‘??????? ??? ???????’-? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????
[??]
??? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????
[??]
????? ????????, ????, ????????? ???????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????
???? ????????
-?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????
???? ????? ???
??? ???-???
????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????
?????????? ???????
?
?????????? ??????
-?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ‘??????’ ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
?? ????? ??????
?? ???, ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????
[??]
???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????
???????? ????? ???????
????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ???????, ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????
[??]
???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????
[??]
???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????
[
????? ????????
]
[??]
[??]
??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???.? ????? (??? ???) ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? (??? ???) ? ?????? ???? ????? ????
[??]
[??]
Map of the location of the Three Gorges Dam and the most important cities along the Yangtze River
- ↑
Ma, Yue (??????? ??, ????)?
"Three Gorges Dam"
? Stanford University
? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
?
?
"Three Gorges Project"
(??????)
? Chinese National Committee on Large Dams
? ???????? ????? ????????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2: Landslide Processes
? Springer? ????? ?????? 1415?
????????
3319090577
?
- ↑
https://www.itaipu.gov.br/en/press-office/news/itaipu-ends-2016-historic-production-10309-million-mwh
- ↑
"三?工程最后一台机??束72小???行"
? ctg.com.cn? ?? ?? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ????
?
- ↑
"Three Gorges underground power station electrical and mechanical equipment is fully handed over production"
(Chinese ??????)? China Three Gorges Corporation? ? ?????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
"The world's largest "L boat lift" Three Gorges Dam successfully tested"
(Chinese ??????)? Chutianjinbao News? ????????? ??, ????
? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
?
?
Acker, Fabian (????? ?, ????)?
"Taming the Yangtze"
?
IET magazine
? ?? ??, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ????
- ↑
"???????????????? ???????"
三?工程左右岸?站26台机?全部投入商??行
(Chinese ??????)? China Three Gorges Project Corporation? ??????? ??, ????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ???????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
":: Three Gorges reservoir raises water to target level"
? Xinhua? ??????? ?, ????
? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
?
?
"Final Turbine at China's Three Gorges Dam Begins Testing"
? Inventor Spot? ?? ?, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ?? ??, ????
?
- ↑
"中??江三?工程???公司"
? Ctgpc.com.cn? ?????? ?, ????? ? ??????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
"中??江三?工程???公司"
? Ctgpc.com.cn? ????? ??, ????? ? ??????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
"一座自主?新?史?碑 三?工程的改革?放之路"
? Hb.xinhuanet.com? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
"重?云??江右岸?360万方滑坡?情-地方-人民?"
?
People's Daily
? ?????? ??, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
See also:
"探?三???云?故陵滑坡?情"
? News.xinhuanet.com
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
Lin Yang (??????? ??, ????)?
"China's Three Gorges Dam Under Fire"
?
Time
? ??????? ??, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ????
?
Laris, Michael (????? ??, ????)?
"Untamed Waterways Kill Thousands Yearly"
?
Washington Post
? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ????
?
and
Grant, Stan (??? ??, ????)?
"Global Challenges: Ecological and Technological Advances Around the World"
? CNN
? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ????
?
and
Gerin, Roseanne (???????? ??, ????)?
"Rolling on a River"
?
Beijing Review
? ?????????? ??, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
"
"
Swimming" by Mao Zedong"
? Marxists.org
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
Lin Yang (??????? ??, ????)?
"China's Three Gorges Dam Under Fire"
?
Time
? ??????? ??, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
?
?
"中??民?、?民?、111新????相???三?工程_新?中心_新浪?"
? News.sina.com.cn
? ???????? ????? ????? ?, ????
?
- ↑
John Lucian Savage Biography
????????? ??????
??????????
? ??? ???? ?????? by Abel Wolman & W. H. Lyles, National Academy of Science, 1978.
- ↑
https://books.google.com/books?id=7SADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA98
Popular Science
, July 1946
- ↑
?
?
Steven Mufson (??????? ?, ????)?
"The Yangtze Dam: Feat or Folly?"
?
Washington Post
? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
"1992年4月3日全?人大批准?建三?工程"
? News.rednet.cn? ?????????? ??, ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
Allin, Samuel Robert Fishleigh (??????? ??, ????)?
"An Examination of China's Three Gorges Dam Project Based on the Framework Presented in the Report of The World Commission on Dams"
(PDF)
? Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ????
?
- ↑
??????? ??????:
<ref>
????? ??? ???;
Xin2010
????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
- ↑
"三?完成172.5米蓄水 中游航道正常??(?)-搜狐新?"
? News.sohu.com
? ???????? ????? ????? ??, ????
?
??????? ??????:
<references>
-? ?????????? "Qq2012-10-12" ?????
<ref>
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????:
<references>
-? ?????????? "mayor" ?????
<ref>
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????:
<references>
-? ?????????? "Lahmeyer2013" ?????
<ref>
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????:
<references>
-? ?????????? "SteelConstruction2009" ?????
<ref>
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????:
<references>
-? ?????????? "ChinaEconomicNet2016-02-17" ?????
<ref>
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????:
<references>
-? ?????????? "ShanghaiDaily2016-09-18" ?????
<ref>
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
????????:Energy in the People's Republic of China
????????:Yangtze dams