????? ???????
?? ??????? ????? ???????
????	( ????-??-?? ) ?? ????? ????
??????	?? ?? ???? (1830-05-16) (???? ??) ??????? , ???????
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??????????????	???? ?????
???????? ????	??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?? ???????
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???????????	??????? , ????????? , ??? ?????????
??????????????	???? ????? ???? ?????????
??????? ????????	????? ???? ????????

?? ??????? ????? ??????? ^[?] ( ????? : Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier ) ( ???? ????? , ???? - ??? ?? , ????) ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ^[?] ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????-???? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????

???? ? ???????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? (Auxerre) ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????-? ??????? ???-????????-?????-?????? (Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire) ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????

???? ???? ???? ???? ????? (Ecole Normale)-? (???? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????) ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? (Ecole Polytechnique)-? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????

???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??-?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????

??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????

???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? (Academie des Sciences)-?? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????

?????????? [ ???????? ]

??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? -?? (????; ????? ?????? ?????? Analytical Theory of Heat, ????) ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????

?????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ^[?]

??????? [ ???????? ]

1. ↑ ?? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????:????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? -? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
2. ↑ Cowie, J. (????)? Climate Change: Biological and Human Aspects ? Cambridge University Press? ??????  3 ? ????????   978-0-521-69619-7 ?   ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ( link )
3. ↑ "Joseph Fourier | Biography & Facts | Britannica" ? www.britannica.com (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?