한국   대만   중국   일본 
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These marriage ceremonies consisted of no fewer than three couples and could be as large as 160 couples. Generally, the village chief or a senior leader of the community would approach both parties and inform them that they were to be married and the time and place the marriage would occur. Often, the marriage ceremony would be the first time the future spouses would meet. Parents and other family members were not allowed to participate in selecting the spouse or to attend the marriage ceremony. The Khmer Rouge maintained that parental authority was unnecessary because it “w[as] to be everyone’s ‘mother and father.’” [??]

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??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? [???]

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???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????: ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? (???? ????????? ???????????), ???? ????????? ???? (???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????) ??? ?? ????? ?????? (????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????)-?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? (??????), ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? [???]

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????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ? ????? [ ???????? ]

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????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. Sharp, Nicola? "Forced Marriage in the UK: A scoping study on the experience of women from Middle Eastern and North East African Communities" (??????) ? London: Refuge : 6, 10? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? (PDF) ???? ??????? ????  
  2. Bunting, Annie? " ' Forced Marriage' in Conflict Situations: Researching and Prosecuting Old Harms and New Crimes" (??????) ? Winnipeg : Canadian Journal of Human Rights?  
  3. "Forced Marriage as a Harm in Domestic and International Law"? ssrn.com ? ????????   1563842 অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  
  4. "Forced Marriage and the Exoticization of Gendered Harms in United States Asylum Law"? ssrn.com ? ????????   1757283 অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  
  5. "Ethics - Forced Marriages: Introduction" ? BBC? ? ????????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?  
  6. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery , Article 1, (c)
  7. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery , Article 1, (c)
  8. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery , Article 2
  9. "Forced Marriage: Exploring the Viability of the Special Court for Sierra Leone's New Crime Against Humanity"? ssrn.com ? ????????   824291 অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  
  10. Valerie Oosterveld? "IntLawGrrls" ? intlawgrrls.com ? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  11. "Advancing International Criminal Law: The Special Court for Sierra Leone Recognizes Forced Marriage as a 'New' Crime Against Humanity"? ssrn.com ? ????????   2014731 অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য?  
  12. Stuart, Hunter (?? ??????? ????)? "Country With The Most Child Brides Won't Agree To End Forced Child Marriage" ? Huffington Post ?  
  13. "UN Takes Major Action to End Child Marriage" ? Center for Reproductive Rights ?  
  14. Girls Not Brides? "States adopt first-ever resolution on child, early and forced marriage at Human Rights Council" ? Girls Not Brides ?  
  15. International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach (??????) ? Paris: UNESCO? ????? ?????? 13? ????????   978-92-3-100259-5 ?  
  16. Jodi O'Brien (2008), Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, Volume 1, SAGE Publications, page 40-42, ????????   ???-??????????
  17. "family - kinship :: Family law" ? Encyclopædia Britannica ?  
  18. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2014/493052/IPOL-FEMM_NT%282014%29493052_EN.pdf
  19. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-16-Add2_en.pdf
  20. Solsten, Eric; Meditz, Sandra W., ????????? (????), "Social Values and Attitudes", Spain: A Country Study , Washington: Government Printing Office for the Library of Congress  
  21. ? ? Contemporary Western European Feminism , by Gisela Kaplan, pp. 133
  22. Reconciliation Policy in Germany 1998?2008, Construing the ’Problem’ of the Incompatibility of Paid Employment and Care Work, by Cornelius Grebe; pg 92: "However, the 1977 reform of marriage and family law by Social Democrats and Liberals formally gave women the right to take up employment without their spouses' permission. This marked the legal end of the 'housewife marriage' and a transition to the ideal of 'marriage in partnership'." [?]
  23. Further reforms to parental rights law in 1979 gave equal legal rights to the mother and the father. Comparative Law: Historical Development of the Civil Law Tradition in Europe , Latin America, and East Asia, by John Henry Merryman, David Scott Clark, John Owen Haley, pp. 542
  24. Women in Portugal , by Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Information, pp 32
  25. https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=596422&SecMode=1&DocId=662346&Usage=2
  26. In 1985, a referendum guaranteed women legal equality with men within marriage. [2] [3] The new reforms came into force in January 1988. Women's movements of the world: an international directory and reference guide, edited by Sally Shreir , p. 254
  27. In 1983, legislation was passed guaranteeing equality between spouses, abolishing dowry, and ending legal discrimination against illegitimate children [4] Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) “The Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. 11 August .
  28. In 1981, Spain abolished the requirement that married women must have their husbands’ permission to initiate judicial proceedings
  29. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets: Second Edition , by Tito Boeri, Jan van Ours, pp. 105, [5] [6]
  30. Although married women in France obtained the right to work without their husbands' permission in 1965, and the paternal authority of a man over his family was ended in 1970 (before that parental responsibilities belonged solely to the father who made all legal decisions concerning the children), it was only in 1985 that a legal reform abolished the stipulation that the husband had the sole power to administer the children's property. [7]
  31. "???????????????? ???????" (??????) ? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  32. Hutton, M. J. (????)? Russian and West European Women, 1860?1939: Dreams, Struggles, and Nightmares ? Rowman & Littlefield? ????????   0-7425-1043-3 ?   ; see Chapter 1
  33. "Eradicating child marriage in Africa - FORWARD UK" ? FORWARD ?  
  34. "marriage" ? Encyclopædia Britannica ?  
  35. A Narrative of the Adventures and Sufferings of John R. Jewitt, only survivor of the crew of the ship Boston, during a captivity of nearly three years among the savages of Nootka Sound: with an account of the manners, mode of living, and religious opinions of the natives. digital full text here
  36. ? ? Anderson, Natalae (?? ?????????? ????)? "Historical background" (??????) ? Memorandum: Charging forced marriage as a crime against humanity ? Documentation Center of Cambodia? ?????? 1–3? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  37. Eisenhauer, U., Kulturwandel und Innovationsprozess: Die funf grossen 'W' und die Verbreitung des Mittelneolithikums in Sudwestdeutschland. Archaologische Informationen 22, 1999, 215-239; an alternative interpretation is the focus of abduction of children rather than women, a suggestion also made for the mass grave excavated at Thalheim . See E Biermann, Uberlegungen zur Bevolkerungsgrosse in Siedlungen der Bandkeramik (2001) "Archived copy" (??????) ? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  38. ? ? "Council of Europe - Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210)" ? coe.int ?  
  39. "BBC - Ethics - Forced Marriages: Motives and methods" ? bbc.co.uk ?  
  40. ? ? "Reasons for forced marriage - Analysis of Data Collected from Field Workers - Report on the Practice of Forced Marriage in Canada: Interviews with Frontline Workers: Exploratory Research Conducted in Montreal and Toronto in 2008" ? justice.gc.ca ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?  
  41. @PlanUK? "Children's charity focused on girls' rights & disaster relief" ? Plan UK ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?  
  42. "Matrimonial Causes Act 1973" ? legislation.gov.uk ?  
  43. ? ? "Forced Marriage etc. (Protection and Jurisdiction) (Scotland) Act 2011" ? legislation.gov.uk ?  
  44. ? ? "Forced marriage law sends 'powerful message ' " ? BBC News ?  
  45. "UK makes forced marriage illegal as pursues campaign of 'British values ' " ? Reuters UK ? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  46. "???????????????? ???????" (??????) ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  47. "BBC - Ethics - Honour crimes" ? bbc.co.uk ?  
  48. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/17543/1/cultureofhonour.pdf
  49. "BBC - Ethics - Slavery: Modern slavery" ? bbc.co.uk ?  
  50. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-41_en.pdf
  51. "Fiji World News" (??????) ? undp.org.fj ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ????  
  52. "Dowry - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary" ? merriam-webster.com ?  
  53. "Ethiopia: Revenge of the abducted bride" ? BBC News ? ?? ??? ?????  
  54. "IRIN Africa - ETHIOPIA: Surviving forced marriage - Ethiopia - Children - Gender Issues" ? IRINnews ?  
  55. "Archived copy" (??????) ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ?  
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