???????? ????? ( ??????? ????? ??????? ??????) ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???:

????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ^[?]

??????,  : ${\displaystyle V\propto T}$ [??? P ?????]???

??, : ${\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=k,\quad or\quad V=kT}$

[?????, V = ??????? ????? ,

T = ?????????

??? K ??? ?????? ]

??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????:

${\displaystyle {\frac {V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {V_{2}}{T_{2}}}\qquad {\text{or}}\qquad {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}={\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}\qquad {\text{or}}\qquad V_{1}T_{2}=V_{2}T_{1}.}$

???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? :

????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? 1° ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 0° ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? 1/273 ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????

??????,

??? ???,????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? 0°C ???????? ????? V ??? ?????? t°C ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? V' ????? ?????? ?? ?????????????,

V'=V(1+t/273)

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

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• ????? ????? ?????

• ???????? ??????

????????? [ ???????? ]