???

??? ; ?????? ???????: Albian?Present ?????? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?
	???? ????????? ????? ???? ( Alopecurus pratensis ), with stamens exerted at anthesis
????????? ?????????????
???/????? :	???????? (Plante)
?????? :	????????????? (Tracheophytes)
?????:	??????? ?????? (?????????????????)
?????? :	???????? (Monocots)
?????? :	Commelinids
???? :	Poales
?????? :	Graminid clade
?????? :	??????? (Poaceae) ; Barnhart
??????? ???
	Poa ; L.
Subfamilies
	Anomochlooideae ; Aristidoideae ; Arundinoideae ; Bambusoideae ; Chloridoideae ; Danthonioideae ; Ehrhartoideae ; Micrairoideae ; Panicoideae ; Pharoideae ; Pooideae ; Puelioideae ;
?????????
	Gramineae Juss.

??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? , ?? , ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????-??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????, ?? ??????, ????????, ?????, ?????????, ???????????, ??, ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ‘????? ?????’ ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???

??? ???? ???????? ?????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???, ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???-?????? ??-?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????-??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??% ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????

????????? [ ???????? ]

Grass

??????? [ ???????? ]

↑ Yan Wu; Hai-Lu You; Xiao-Qiang Li (????)? "Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China"? National Science Review ? 5 (5): 721?727? ????? : 10.1093/nsr/nwx145   ?
↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (????)? "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ? 161 (2): 105?121? ????? : 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x   ?
↑ HASTON, ELSPETH; RICHARDSON, JAMES E.; STEVENS, PETER F.; CHASE, MARK W.; HARRIS, DAVID J. (??????? ????)? "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III"? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ? 161 (2): 128?131? ????? : 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x   ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

Chapman, G.P. and W.E. Peat. 1992. An Introduction to the Grasses . CAB Internat., Oxon, UK.
Cheplick, G.P. 1998. Population Biology of Grasses . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge.
Milne, L. and M. Milne. 1967. Living Plants of the World . Chaticleer Press , N.Y.
Soderstrom, T.R., K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth, eds. 1987. Grass Systematics and Evolution . Smithsonian Institution Press , Washington, D.C.
Went, Frits W. 1963. The Plants . Time-Life Books , N.Y.

????????? [ ???????? ]

[NSR-1] Yan Wu; Hai-Lu You; Xiao-Qiang Li (????)? "Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China"? National Science Review ? 5 (5): 721?727? ????? : 10.1093/nsr/nwx145   ?

[APGIII2009-2] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (????)? "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ? 161 (2): 105?121? ????? : 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x   ?

[3] HASTON, ELSPETH; RICHARDSON, JAMES E.; STEVENS, PETER F.; CHASE, MARK W.; HARRIS, DAVID J. (??????? ????)? "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III"? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ? 161 (2): 128?131? ????? : 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x   ?

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