????????? ( ?????? : Cytology ; ????? κ?το? ????, kytos , "???? ????"; [?] ??? -λογ?α , -??????? ) ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????, ? ?????? ???, ????? ????, ???????, ??????? ? ?????????? ???, ????????? ? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? [?] ? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???; ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????
???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? (Malpighi) ? ????? ???????? ????? (Grew) ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? Schleiden ? ?????????????? Schwann ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? [?] ?