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?????????? ??? ?,??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? (????) ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????; - ????????????? ???? ?,??? ??? (??? ??) ???; - ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? (??? ????) ????????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????-??????? ???????? ???, ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????-??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???, ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????-??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? (? ????) ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ^[??]

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ Holbrook 1956 ?
↑ "Columbia Lake" ? Canadian Geographical Names Data Base ? Natural Resources Canada? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?
↑ Marsh, James H. (????)? "Columbia River" ? The Canadian Encyclopedia ? Historica Foundation? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?
↑ "Columbia River" ? Geographic Names Information System ? United States Geological Survey ? ??????? ??, ???? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?
↑ "The Columbia River" ? Columbia River Keeper? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ?, ???? ?
↑ ^? ^? ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; USGSrivers ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
↑ Kimbrough, R. A.; Ruppert, G. P.; Wiggins, W. D.; Smith, R. R.; Kresch, D. L. (????)? "Water Data Report WA-05-1: Klickitat and White Salmon River Basins and the Columbia River from Kennewick to Bonneville Dam" (??????) ? Water Resources Data-Washington Water Year 2005 ? United States Geological Survey? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?
↑ ^? ^? Loy ??? ???????? 2001 , ??. 164?65?
↑ Kimbrough, R. A.; Ruppert, G. P.; Wiggins, W. D.; Smith, R. R.; Kresch, D. L. (????)? "Water Data Report WA-05-1: Klickitat and White Salmon River Basins and the Columbia River from Kennewick to Bonneville Dam" (??????) ? Water Resources Data-Washington Water Year 2005 ? United States Geological Survey? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?
↑ According to the United States Geological Survey fact sheet, "Largest Rivers in the United States" ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?, ???? ??????, "Rivers are considered large on the basis of one or more of three characteristics: total length from source to mouth, area of basin (watershed) drained by the stream, and average rate of flow (discharge) at the mouth." The Columbia is the largest river of the Pacific Northwest in all three senses.
↑ "The Atlas of Canada: Toporama ? Topographic Maps" ? Natural Resources Canada? ????? ?? ?, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

[FOOTNOTEHolbrook1956-1] Holbrook 1956 ?

[2] "Columbia Lake" ? Canadian Geographical Names Data Base ? Natural Resources Canada? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

[Canadian_Encyclopedia-3] Marsh, James H. (????)? "Columbia River" ? The Canadian Encyclopedia ? Historica Foundation? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

[4] "Columbia River" ? Geographic Names Information System ? United States Geological Survey ? ??????? ??, ???? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?

[5] "The Columbia River" ? Columbia River Keeper? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ?, ???? ?

[USGSrivers-6] ? ^? ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; USGSrivers ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????

[7] Kimbrough, R. A.; Ruppert, G. P.; Wiggins, W. D.; Smith, R. R.; Kresch, D. L. (????)? "Water Data Report WA-05-1: Klickitat and White Salmon River Basins and the Columbia River from Kennewick to Bonneville Dam" (??????) ? Water Resources Data-Washington Water Year 2005 ? United States Geological Survey? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?

[FOOTNOTELoyAllanBuckleyMeacham2001164–65-8] ? ^? Loy ??? ???????? 2001 , ??. 164?65?

[9] Kimbrough, R. A.; Ruppert, G. P.; Wiggins, W. D.; Smith, R. R.; Kresch, D. L. (????)? "Water Data Report WA-05-1: Klickitat and White Salmon River Basins and the Columbia River from Kennewick to Bonneville Dam" (??????) ? Water Resources Data-Washington Water Year 2005 ? United States Geological Survey? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?

[10] According to the United States Geological Survey fact sheet, "Largest Rivers in the United States" ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?, ???? ??????, "Rivers are considered large on the basis of one or more of three characteristics: total length from source to mouth, area of basin (watershed) drained by the stream, and average rate of flow (discharge) at the mouth." The Columbia is the largest river of the Pacific Northwest in all three senses.

[atlas_of_canada-11] "The Atlas of Canada: Toporama ? Topographic Maps" ? Natural Resources Canada? ????? ?? ?, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

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