???? ????? ???????

???????????, ????? ???????? ????
???? ????? (??? ????) ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? (??? ????) ????

???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? [?] ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????-???????? ? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? [?] [?] , ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????-??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? [?]

?????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????

???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????

?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???, ?????? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? (stopping potential) ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? (threshold frequency) ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????

???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ????

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ? ? Serway, Raymond A. (????)? Physics for Scientists & Engineers ? Saunders? ?????? p. 1150? ????????   0030302587 ?   Describes the photoelectric effect as the "emission of photoelectrons from matter", and describes the original usage as the "emission of photoelectrons from metallic surfaces" after the experiments of Milikan, and others.
  2. The American journal of science . (1880). New Haven: J.D. & E.S. Dana. Page 234
  3. Wolfram Scienceworld describes the terminology of the photoelectric effect and the previous usage of the term Hertz Effect .

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

??????? :

?????????? :

????????? [ ???????? ]

????????????