??????????? ????? ????

??????????? ????? ???? (?? International Date Line ) ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????

????? [ ???????? ]

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??????? ????????? ??? [ ???????? ]

?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???:

????? ??° ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???
??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????

?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???:

????? ??° ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????

??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????

??? ???????? ???????? (????-????) ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ^[?] ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? (????-????) ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????, ? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ^[?] ??????? Venetian ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ^[?]

?????? [ ???????? ]

?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? § De facto and de jure date lines ??? ???? ??????? ?????????

???????? ???? 180 ° ???????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ( ??????????? ) ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????, IDL 180 ° ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???/???? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????

????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????, 180° ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ( ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????) ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????, ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????????: 71°32′N 180°0′E ????? 71°32′N 180°0′W? ^[?] ??? ????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?.? ????????? (?.?? ??) ??????? 168°58′37″ W ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? 180° ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????

?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ( ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????) ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????-????? ???? ????? 180° ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? (??????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????) ???????? ?????? ????????

????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ Gunn, Geoffrey C. (?? ??????? ????)? Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region ? Lexington Books? ?????? 47 ?48? ???????? 9781498590143 ?
↑ Neal, Larry (????)? The Rise of Financial Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason ? Cambridge University Press? ?????? 1 ? ???????? 978-0-521-45738-5 ?
↑ Winfree, Arthur T. (????)? The Geometry of Biological Time (?????? ??????) (2nd ???????)? Springer Science & Business Media? ?????? 10 ? ???????? 978-1-4757-3484-3 ?
↑ "Arctic Expeditions Commanded by Americans" ? ????: 459?468 ? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?

[1] Gunn, Geoffrey C. (?? ??????? ????)? Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region ? Lexington Books? ?????? 47 ?48? ???????? 9781498590143 ?

[2] Neal, Larry (????)? The Rise of Financial Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason ? Cambridge University Press? ?????? 1 ? ???????? 978-0-521-45738-5 ?

[3] Winfree, Arthur T. (????)? The Geometry of Biological Time (?????? ??????) (2nd ???????)? Springer Science & Business Media? ?????? 10 ? ???????? 978-1-4757-3484-3 ?

[wrengell-4] "Arctic Expeditions Commanded by Americans" ? ????: 459?468 ? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?

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