???????? ?????? (????)

Battle of Mogadishu
	????? ???: Operation Gothic Serpent and the ?????? ??? ??????
	; CW3 Michael Durant 's helicopter Super Six-Four above Mogadishu on 3 October 1993.
?????	3?4 October 1993 ; (? ???)
???	Mogadishu , Somalia
?????	Pyrrhic tactical U.S./U.N. victory; ; Strategic SNA victory U.S. withdraws 25 March 1994 ; U.N. withdraws 28 March 1995 ;
?????????
UNOSOM II United States ; ????? ; ???????? ;	Somali National Alliance (SNA) ;
???????? ? ??????
MG William F. Garrison ; Col William Boykin ; LtCol Gary L. Harrell ; LtCol Thomas E. Matthews ; LtCol Danny R. McKnight	Mohamed Farrah Aidid
???
Initially: 120 men ; 12 vehicles (9 Humvee s, 3 M939 trucks) ; 19 aircraft (16 helicopters ? 8 Black Hawks and 8 Little Birds ) + ~ 3000 as a rescue force	2,000?4,000 militiamen and volunteer fighters
???????? ? ???????
U.S. ; 18 killed, 73 wounded, 1 captured ; 2 UH-60 Black Hawk s shot down ; Malaysia ; 1 killed, 7 wounded ; Pakistan ; 1 killed, 2 wounded	SNA Militia and civilians ; 200?315 killed (per ICRC ) ; 300?500 killed (per U.N.) ; 315 killed (133 militiamen) , 812 wounded (per SNA) ; 350 killed, 500 wounded (per U.S.) ; 500 killed (per neutral Somalis)
	Note: Task Force Ranger achieved the mission objectives of capturing specific Aidid lieutenants, but the political fallout from the resultant battle and consequent eventual U.S. withdrawal from Somalia could classify this as a Pyrrhic victory . ;

Battle of Mogadishu
	????? ???: Operation Gothic Serpent and the ?????? ??? ??????
	; CW3 Michael Durant 's helicopter Super Six-Four above Mogadishu on 3 October 1993.
?????	3?4 October 1993 ; (? ???)
???	Mogadishu , Somalia
?????	Pyrrhic tactical U.S./U.N. victory; U.S. withdraws 25 March 1994 ; U.N. withdraws 28 March 1995 ;
?????????
UNOSOM II United States ; ????? ; ???????? ;	Somali National Alliance (SNA) ; Al-Qaeda
???????? ? ??????
MG William F. Garrison ; Col William Boykin ; LtCol Gary L. Harrell ; LtCol Thomas E. Matthews ; LtCol Danny R. McKnight	Mohamed Farrah Aidid
???
Initially: 120 men ; 12 vehicles (9 Humvee s, 3 M939 trucks) ; 19 aircraft (16 helicopters ? 8 Black Hawks and 8 Little Birds ) + ~ 3000 as a rescue force	2,000?4,000 militiamen and volunteer fighters
???????? ? ???????
U.S. ; 19 killed, 73 wounded, 1 captured ; 2 UH-60 Black Hawk s shot down ; Malaysia ; 1 killed, 7 wounded ; Pakistan ; 1 killed, 2 wounded	SNA Militia and civilians ; 200?315 killed (per ICRC ) ; 300?500 killed (per U.N.) ; 315 killed (133 militiamen) , 812 wounded (per SNA) ; 350 killed, 500 wounded (per U.S.) ; 500 killed (per neutral Somalis)
	Note: Task Force Ranger achieved the mission objectives of capturing specific Aidid lieutenants, but the political fallout from the resultant battle and consequent eventual U.S. withdrawal from Somalia could classify this as a Pyrrhic victory . ;

Battle of Mogadishu
????? ???: Operation Gothic Serpent and the ?????? ??? ??????

CW3 Michael Durant 's helicopter Super Six-Four above Mogadishu on 3 October 1993.
????? 3?4 October 1993
(? ???)
???
Mogadishu , Somalia
?????
Pyrrhic tactical U.S./U.N. victory; ^[?]^[??]^[??]
Strategic SNA victory

U.S. withdraws 25 March 1994

U.N. withdraws 28 March 1995
?????????

UNOSOM II

United States

?????

????????
Somali National Alliance (SNA)
???????? ? ??????

MG William F. Garrison
Col William Boykin
LtCol Gary L. Harrell
LtCol Thomas E. Matthews

LtCol Danny R. McKnight Mohamed Farrah Aidid
???

Initially: 120 men
12 vehicles (9 Humvee s, 3 M939 trucks)
19 aircraft (16 helicopters ? 8 Black Hawks and 8 Little Birds )
+ ~ 3000 as a rescue force 2,000?4,000 militiamen and volunteer fighters
???????? ? ???????
U.S.
18 killed, 73 wounded, 1 captured
2 UH-60 Black Hawk s shot down ^[?]^[?]
Malaysia
1 killed, 7 wounded
Pakistan
1 killed, 2 wounded SNA Militia and civilians
200?315 killed (per ICRC ) ^[?]^[?]
300?500 killed (per U.N.) ^[?]
315 killed (133 militiamen) , 812 wounded (per SNA) ^[?]^[?]
350 killed, 500 wounded (per U.S.) ^[?]
500 killed (per neutral Somalis) ^[?]

Note: Task Force Ranger achieved the mission objectives of capturing specific Aidid lieutenants, but the political fallout from the resultant battle and consequent eventual U.S. withdrawal from Somalia could classify this as a Pyrrhic victory . ^[?]
????????? [ ???????? ]

^ Shabaab leader recounts al Qaeda's role in Somalia in the 1990s . Long War Journal (2011-12-30). ???????????2014-07-01.

^ ^??? ^??? Mark Bowden (16 November 1997). Blackhawk Down . The Philadelphia Inquirer . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2007-07-01. ???????????25 August 2013. ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪inquirer.philly.com≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???

^ ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ReferenceA ???? ???? ???

^ ^??? ^??? "Anatomy of a Disaster" . Time . 18 October 1993. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008 . http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979399-2,00.html . Retrieved 19 January 2008 .

^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? hrw.org ???? ???? ???

^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down: A defining battle" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . Archived from the original on 1 July 2007 . http://inquirer.philly.com/packages/somalia/nov16/rang16.asp . Retrieved 25 June 2007 .

^ ^??? ^??? Interviews ? Captain Haad | Ambush in Mogadishu | FRONTLINE . PBS (3 October 1993). ???????????25 August 2013.

^ ^??? ^??? Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . Archived from the original on 23 September 2006 . http://inquirer.philly.com/packages/somalia/dec14/default14.asp . Retrieved 25 October 2006 .

^ Cassidy (Ph.D.), Robert M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American Peacekeeping Doctrine and Practice After the Cold War . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-275-97696-5 .

^ Karcher, Timothy, Understanding the "Victory Disease," From the Little Bighorn to Mogadishu and Beyond (Global War on Terrorism, Occasional Paper 3) , Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, p. 34, The Battle of the Black Sea was a tactical victory for TF Ranger , but a Pyrrhic one at best. It had gone into Aideed's stronghold, captured two of his top lieutenants and numerous other subordinate clan leaders, and then withdrew with relatively light casualties considering the odds it faced. The Somalis, though, had suffered greatly as a result of the battle, with US military firepower inflicting an estimated 1,000 casualties, with at least 500 dead. Whether it may have been a victory at the tactical level, this battle signaled a failure at the strategic level of war.

^ Bowden, Mark (1 April 2010). Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War . Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-55584-604-6 .

[lwj31dec14-1] Shabaab leader recounts al Qaeda's role in Somalia in the 1990s . Long War Journal (2011-12-30). ???????????2014-07-01.

[inquirer.philly.com-2] ??? ^??? Mark Bowden (16 November 1997). Blackhawk Down . The Philadelphia Inquirer . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2007-07-01. ???????????25 August 2013. ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪inquirer.philly.com≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???

[ReferenceA-3] ??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ReferenceA ???? ???? ???

[red_cross-4] ??? ^??? "Anatomy of a Disaster" . Time . 18 October 1993. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008 . http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979399-2,00.html . Retrieved 19 January 2008 .

[hrw.org-5] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? hrw.org ???? ???? ???

[bowden1-6] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down: A defining battle" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . Archived from the original on 1 July 2007 . http://inquirer.philly.com/packages/somalia/nov16/rang16.asp . Retrieved 25 June 2007 .

[autogenerated1-7] ??? ^??? Interviews ? Captain Haad | Ambush in Mogadishu | FRONTLINE . PBS (3 October 1993). ???????????25 August 2013.

[bowden2-8] ??? ^??? Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . Archived from the original on 23 September 2006 . http://inquirer.philly.com/packages/somalia/dec14/default14.asp . Retrieved 25 October 2006 .

[9] Cassidy (Ph.D.), Robert M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American Peacekeeping Doctrine and Practice After the Cold War . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-275-97696-5 .

[10] Karcher, Timothy, Understanding the "Victory Disease," From the Little Bighorn to Mogadishu and Beyond (Global War on Terrorism, Occasional Paper 3) , Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, p. 34, The Battle of the Black Sea was a tactical victory for TF Ranger , but a Pyrrhic one at best. It had gone into Aideed's stronghold, captured two of his top lieutenants and numerous other subordinate clan leaders, and then withdrew with relatively light casualties considering the odds it faced. The Somalis, though, had suffered greatly as a result of the battle, with US military firepower inflicting an estimated 1,000 casualties, with at least 500 dead. Whether it may have been a victory at the tactical level, this battle signaled a failure at the strategic level of war.

[11] Bowden, Mark (1 April 2010). Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War . Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-55584-604-6 .

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