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????? ??????????? ? ?????? ? ????? ???????????????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???. ^[?] ????? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????????. ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????.

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?????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ????? 1?5 ???? ??????? ????? 2 ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????. ^[?]

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?????? ^? ??????????	?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????????
??????? ???? ?????????? ^?	??????? ?????????? Muhacir s ???????? Abkhazian Turks ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? Croatian Turks Cretan Turks ?????? ??????????? Dodecanese Turks ???? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ¹ Israeli Turks ?????? ??????????? Lebanese Turks ???? ??????????? Macedonian Turks ?????? ?????????? Montenegrin Turks ?????? ??????????? Serbian Turks ????? ??????????? ¹ ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????
????? ??????????	????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????
Turkic minorities in China	Chinese Tatars Chinese Kazakhs Chinese Kyrgyz ?????????? ????????? see ??? ????? ?????? Yugur
Turkic minorities in Crimea	Crimean Karaites ????? ??????? Krymchaks
Turkic minorities in Iran	????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????
Turkic minorities in the Russian Federation	???????????? Astrakhan Tatars ?????????? Baraba Tatars ??????? ????????? Chulyms Chuvash ?????????? ?????????????? Khakas Kryashens Kumandins ????????? Mishar Tatars Na?aybak ????????? Siberian Tatars ?????? ?????????? Teleuts ??????? Tubalar ???????? Volga Tatars see Finnish Tatars , Lipka Tatars ??????????
Extinct Turkic groups	Bulaqs ????????? ???????? Dughlats ?????????? ????? Kimek ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? Shatuo ??????

Diasporas

¹ The ?????? ????????? living in ??????????? , ?????????? and ????? are not to be confused with the Turkmen/Turkoman minorities in the ??? (????) (i.e. ???? and ????? ) as the latter minorities mostly adhere to a Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity.
² This list only includes traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. Turks still living in the former ??????? ?????????????? territories).

? ??? ???? ???? ?????
????? ? ?????	???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
??????? ? ????????	?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????
?????????? ???????????? ? ???????	??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
??????????? ? ??????????	???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? Johannes Brahms ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? Giacomo Puccini ????? ?????? Franz Schubert Igor Stravinsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ?? ????? (???????) Giuseppe Verdi Antonio Vivaldi ???????? ???????? Richard Wagner Edqar Varez Olivye de Messian ???????? Georges Auric Lui Dyurey Artur Onegger Darius Miyo Francis Poulenc Jermena Tayeferr
???????????? ? ???????	???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? Zheng He
???????? ???????????? ????????????	???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? Galen ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
????????? ? ??????????	????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? Chanakya ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ??? ????? ???????? ???? John Maynard Keynes ???? ?? John Locke Niccolo Machiavelli ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? Sima Qian ???? ????? Socrates ???? ???? ??? Ludwig Wittgenstein Zhu Xi
????? ???????	???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? David Ben-Gurion ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (????????) ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? Joan of Arc ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? Rosa Luxemburg ????? ?????? Mao Zedong Jawaharlal Nehru Kwame Nkrumah ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? Sun Yat-sen ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????
??? ????????	??????? ??????? Thomas Aquinas Augustine of Hippo ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
?????	????? ??????? ???????? ????????? Epistemology ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????
???	???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??
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????-?????? ?????	???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????
????????????? ??????????	?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? International Court of Justice ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????
??? ? ??????	??? ?????: ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? Hangul ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? Gendzi haqqında povest ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????
?????????	????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? Universe
??????? ? ???????	????? ????? Bioloji materiallar ???????? ????? ??????? Botany ????? ???????? ???????? Endangered species Domestication ??????? Bioloji sistematika Species Metabolism ??? ?????? ????????? Respiratory system Evolution ??????? (?????) ?????????? Gender ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? Endokrin sistemi ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? Muscle ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? Reproduktiv sistem ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? Medicine Z?r?rli v?rdi?l?r Altshaymer X?st?liyi ????? Cholera ????????? Dentistry Disability Korluq Hearing loss ?????????? ??????? (????????) ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? Nicotiana tabacum ?????????? ??? ??????? Myocardial infarction ??????? Pis qidalanma Obesity Pandemic ???????????? Benzilpenisillin Pneumonia Poliomyelitis Sexually transmitted infection ???? Stroke Tuberculosis ????? ????? ????????? Chickenpox
?????????	????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????-?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????? Columba (genus) ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? Cetacea ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? A?ac Protist
????	???? ???????? ?????? ????? Base (chemistry) Salt (chemistry) ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????/???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????????? Hormone Lipid ??????
?????? ? ???????	?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? Plate tectonics Da? suxuru ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? BM-30 Smerch Tropical cyclone ????
?????	????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? Classical electromagnetism ??????? ??????? ??? ????? Length (disambiguation) ????????? Mass (disambiguation) Metal Khachardzan Nuclear fission State of matter Gas ???? ?????? ??? ???? Quantum mechanics Radioactive decay ???????? ???????? Special relativity ??????????? Sound Speed ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? Measurement Joule Kelvin ???????? ???? ???? Newton (unit) ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???
??????	????? ????? ????? Go (game) ????? ??-??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? Rugby football ???? ????????
?????? ????????	????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? Reformation ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? Apartheid ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? Cultural Revolution ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? Meiji period ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????
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?????	???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????
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