?? ???

?? ??? ; ????? ?????????: Pleistocene -recent
	Sow near Kaktovik , Barter Island , ?????? , ?????? ???????? ????????
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable ( IUCN 3.1 )
	CITES Appendix II ( CITES )
???? ?????????????
????:	??????
???:	???????????
?????:	????????
????:	???????????
?????:	Bear
????:	Ursus ( mammal ) ; Phipps , 1774
???:	U. maritimus
?????? ???
	Ursus maritimus ; Phipps , 1774
Subspecies
	† Ursus maritimus tyrannus (?)
	Polar bear range
??????????
	Ursus eogroenlandicus ; Ursus groenlandicus ; Ursus jenaensis ; Ursus labradorensis ; Ursus marinus ; Ursus polaris ; Ursus spitzbergensis ; Ursus ungavensis ; Thalarctos maritimus

?? ??? ( ?????????? : Polar bear , ?????? : ??? ???? ? ????? : ?? ???? ? ????? : Белый медведь ? ?????? ????????? : Kutup ayısı ) ????????????????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ????????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???: ?. ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ?. ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?. ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????. ?. ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???-????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????????.

????????? [ ???????? ]

https://en.wikipedia.org ??????????? ?????????

^ Ingolfsson, Olafur; Wiig, Øystein (2009). "Late Pleistocene fossil find in Svalbard: the oldest remains of a polar bear ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1744) ever discovered" . Polar Research . 28 (3). doi : 10.3402/polar.v28i3.6131 . 9 October 2016-?? ???????? -?? ?????????????????? . 13 January 2019-?? ???????? . {{ cite journal }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= ??? ????????? ????????????? ( ???? )
^ Wiig, Ø.; Amstrup, S.; Atwood, T.; Laidre, K.; Lunn, N.; Obbard, M.; Regehr, E.; Thiemann, G. (2015). " Ursus maritimus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015 : e.T22823A14871490. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en . 19 November 2021-?? ???????? .
^ Appendices | CITES .
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Phipps1774 ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? DeMaster1981 ???? ???? ???

[polarresearch-1] Ingolfsson, Olafur; Wiig, Øystein (2009). "Late Pleistocene fossil find in Svalbard: the oldest remains of a polar bear ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1744) ever discovered" . Polar Research . 28 (3). doi : 10.3402/polar.v28i3.6131 . 9 October 2016-?? ???????? -?? ?????????????????? . 13 January 2019-?? ???????? . {{ cite journal }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= ??? ????????? ????????????? ( ???? )

[iucn_status_19_November_2021-2] Wiig, Ø.; Amstrup, S.; Atwood, T.; Laidre, K.; Lunn, N.; Obbard, M.; Regehr, E.; Thiemann, G. (2015). " Ursus maritimus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015 : e.T22823A14871490. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en . 19 November 2021-?? ???????? .

[CITES-3] Appendices | CITES .

[Phipps1774-4] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Phipps1774 ???? ???? ???

[DeMaster1981-5] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? DeMaster1981 ???? ???? ???

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