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?????????? (Physiology) pron.: / ? f ? z i ? ? l ? d? i / ) ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ^[1]? ????? ???, ???? ???????, ???? , ??? , ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? -? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?'??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????

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?????'?'?? ?????? ??????? ????? : φ?σι? ? physis - ??? ???? ???? "???????" ?? "????????" ??? -λογ?α -logia -??? ???? "???????" ????? ??? ??????

???? ?????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????? ???????: ???? ??????????

???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ^[2] ??????????? ????-???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???; ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????

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???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???'??????? ? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ^[3] ??????? ????? ? ??????'?? ? ???????????? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???'?????? ???????? (???????? ???-??? ???????????) ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????-???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ^[4]

??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???'? ???????? ??? ]]???'?'? ?????]]? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? "???" ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???'? ????????? ?(1????-????) ????????????? ???? ???? " ????? ?????????'? " (?????????? ??????)? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???? (????-?????)-? ?'???'??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????

???? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??'?????????? ? ???????? ???? ^[5] ?? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????????-???????? ??? ???? ?????'?'??? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ^[6]

????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????

???????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

↑ "Definition of PHYSIOLOGY" . Merriam-Webster . http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physiology ? ???? ??? ????: August 16, 2012 .
↑ "CellPhys Undergraduate Program" . Cellphys.ubc.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120308145304/http://www.cellphys.ubc.ca/undergrad.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2012-03-10 .
↑ "Physiology - History of physiology, Branches of physiology" . www.Scienceclarified.com . http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ph-Py/Physiology.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2010-08-29 .
↑ Fell, C.; Griffith Pearson, F. (November 2007). "Thoracic Surgery Clinics: Historical Perspectives of Thoracic Anatomy" . Thorac Surg Clin ???? 17 (4): 443?8, v.. doi : 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2006.12.001 . http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1547412706001034 .
↑ Feder, Martin E. (1987). New directions in ecological physiolog . ??????? New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-34938-3 .
↑ Garland, Jr, Theodore ; Carter, P. A. (1994). "Evolutionary physiology" . Annual Review of Physiology ???? 56 (56): 579?621. doi : 10.1146/annurev.ph.56.030194.003051 . PMID 8010752 . Archived from the original on 2021-04-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412150229/https://biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/GarlCa94.pdf ? ???? ??? ????: 2012-08-16 .

???? ????? [ ???????? ??? ]

The Physiological Society

physiologyINFO.org Archived 2010-02-02 at the Wayback Machine public information site sponsored by The American Physiological Society

[ৱেব-1] "Definition of PHYSIOLOGY" . Merriam-Webster . http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physiology ? ???? ??? ????: August 16, 2012 .

[UBC_Physiology_Department-2] "CellPhys Undergraduate Program" . Cellphys.ubc.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120308145304/http://www.cellphys.ubc.ca/undergrad.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2012-03-10 .

[3] "Physiology - History of physiology, Branches of physiology" . www.Scienceclarified.com . http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ph-Py/Physiology.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2010-08-29 .

[4] Fell, C.; Griffith Pearson, F. (November 2007). "Thoracic Surgery Clinics: Historical Perspectives of Thoracic Anatomy" . Thorac Surg Clin ???? 17 (4): 443?8, v.. doi : 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2006.12.001 . http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1547412706001034 .

[5] Feder, Martin E. (1987). New directions in ecological physiolog . ??????? New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-34938-3 .

[6] Garland, Jr, Theodore ; Carter, P. A. (1994). "Evolutionary physiology" . Annual Review of Physiology ???? 56 (56): 579?621. doi : 10.1146/annurev.ph.56.030194.003051 . PMID 8010752 . Archived from the original on 2021-04-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412150229/https://biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/GarlCa94.pdf ? ???? ??? ????: 2012-08-16 .

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