???????? ????

???????? ????
	; ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
?????
??????	Jovian
??????? ?????????
	??? ??????
?????	???,???,??? ???? ; ?.?? ??? ; ???,???,??? ????
??????	???,???,??? ???? ; ?.?? ??? ; ???,???,??? ????
????-????? ????	???,???,??? ???? ; ?.???????? ??? ; ???,???,??? ????
???????????	?.????????
??????????	???.?? ???
??? ??????? ??????	??.?? ????/??
???	?.?????° ; (?.??° ????? ? ?????? ???)
?????????? ????????	???.?????°
??????? ???????	??.?????°
??????????	??
????? ?????????????
???????? ?????????	??,??? ???? ; (??????? ??.??? ???)
???? ?????????	??,??? ???? ; (??????? ??.??? ???)
?????? ?????????	?.??×?? ?? ???? ? ; (??????? ???.? ???)
?????	?.?????×?? ?? ???? ? ; (??????? ????.? ???)
??	?.????×?? ?? ???? ; (??????? ???.? ???)
??? ?????	?.??? g/cm ?
???????? ?????? ???????	??.?? ??/?? ? ; (?.??? g )
?????? ???	??.? ????/??
?????????? ?????????	?.???? h
???????? ?????? ?????? ???	??.? ????/?? = ??,??? ????/????? ;
??????? ???	?.??°
????? ????? ????????	???.??° (?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??)
????? ????? ?????????	??.??°
???????? ??????	?.??
??????????
?????? ???	?????? ????????????? (???? ?????)
????? ?????? ??????	~??% H 2 ; ~??% ???????? ; ?.?% ????? ; ?.?% ???? ????? ; ?.??% ??????? ; ?.????% ???? ; ?.????% ????? ; <?.?????% ????????? ???????

???????? ???? ( ??????? : Jupiter ?????? , ?-???-? : ?d?u:.p?.t?(?)) ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?’?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? , ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? “????? ????” ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? “????”? ?? ????? ???? ????- ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????: ???????????? ^[5] ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?.? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? “?????-?????-???????? ?????” ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ^[6]

?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?’? ???? , ?????? , ????????? ??? ???????? , ???????? ?????? ?????????’ ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????’ ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????:

????? (Metis)
???????? (Adrastea)
?????? (Amalthea)
??? (Thebe)
???? (Io)
?????? (Europa)
??????? (Ganymede)
???????? (Callisto)
???????? (Themisto)
???? (Leda)
????????? (Himalia)
?????? (Lysithea)
????? (Elara)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 11)
?????? (Carpo)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 12)
?????? (Euporie)
??/???? ?? ? (S/2003 J 3)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 18)
??????? (Thelxinoe)
????????? (Euanthe)
?????? (Helike)
???????? (Orhtosie)
???????? (Locaste)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 16)
???????????? (Praxidike)
?????????? (Harpalyke)
???? (Mneme)
???????? (Hermippe)
?????? (Thyone)
???? (Anake)
????? (Herse)
?????? (Altne)
??? (Kale)
?????? (Taygete)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 19)
?????? (Chaldene)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 15)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 10)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 23)
????? (Erinome)
??????? (Aoede)
??????? (Kallichore)
?????? (Kalyke)
????? (Carme)
?????? (Callirrhoe)
??????? (Eurydome)
?????? (Pasithee)
??? (Kore)
?????? (Cyllene)
??????? (Eukelade)
??/???? ?? ?? (S/2003 J 14)
?????? (Pasiphae)
??????? (Hegemone)
????? (Arche)
????? (Isonoe)
??/???? ?? ? (S/2003 J 9)
??/???? ?? ? (S/2003 J 5)
????? (Sinope)
??????? (Sponde)
????? (Autonoe)
?????????? (Megaclite)
??/???? ?? ? (S/2003 J 2)

????????, ?????????, ???????? ??? ?????

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

↑ Williams, David R. ( ??????? ?? , ???? ). "??????? ?????" . ???? . http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .
↑ "???????" . European Space Agency. ?????????? ?? , ???? . http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=????? ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .
↑ Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V. K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M. E.; de Burgh, C.; Lieske, J. H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J. L.; Standish, E. M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P. C. ( ???? ). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: ????" . HNSKY Planitarium Program. Archived from the original on 2018-10-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181031190003/http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .
↑ "Probe Nephelometer" . Galileo Messenger (NASA/JPL) (?). March ???? . http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/messenger/oldmess/?Probe.html ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .
↑ See for example IAUC 2844: Jupiter ( 1975 October 1 ). That particular word has been in use since at least 1966 .
↑ Harper, Douglas (November 2001). "Jupiter" . Online Etymology Dictionary . http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Jupiter ? ???? ??? ????: 2007-02-23 .

?????? ??? ? ? ? ?

????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????	???????? ? = ????????? ?????? ? = ????????		???	?????	?????? ?	????? ?

			???????? ? ?	??? ? ?	??????? ? ?	?????? ? ?

	????? ????????		?????	?????? ?	???? ?
	????? ????????
	??????? ??? ?????? ?????	??????? ( ??????? ???? )	??????? ?????? ??? ?????? : ?????????????? · ??????? ????????? ??????? · ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? · ???????? · ?????? ?????? · ??????? ?????? · ?????
		??????? ( ??????? ???? )	??? ????: ???????????? ?????? , ???? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? .

		??????- ?????	?????? ??????? ? ???????? : ????? · ???????? ? ??????? :
		??????- ?????

		???????	?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? · ??????????? · ???? ???
??? ????: ????????????????? ????? , ??????? ?????????? ?????? , ??? ?????? ????; ????????? ???? ?? , ??? ???????????????

[jupiterfactsheet-1] Williams, David R. ( ??????? ?? , ???? ). "??????? ?????" . ???? . http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .

[2] "???????" . European Space Agency. ?????????? ?? , ???? . http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=????? ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .

[3] Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V. K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M. E.; de Burgh, C.; Lieske, J. H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J. L.; Standish, E. M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P. C. ( ???? ). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: ????" . HNSKY Planitarium Program. Archived from the original on 2018-10-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181031190003/http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .

[4] "Probe Nephelometer" . Galileo Messenger (NASA/JPL) (?). March ???? . http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/messenger/oldmess/?Probe.html ? ???? ??? ????: ????-??-?? .

[5] See for example IAUC 2844: Jupiter ( 1975 October 1 ). That particular word has been in use since at least 1966 .

[6] Harper, Douglas (November 2001). "Jupiter" . Online Etymology Dictionary . http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Jupiter ? ???? ??? ????: 2007-02-23 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]